The Venera and Vega programs launched 18 different craft towards Venus, and there are some other Soviet Venus missions I haven't accounted for here I think. I believe that the Soviet Union is still the only nation to have ever successfully landed craft onto the Venusian surface, although none of them lasted much more than a couple of hours.
The United States hasn't put anywhere near as much resources into exploring Venus, the highest profile missions are some of the Mariner missions and the Magellan mission. A lot of the US visits were also en route to other planets.
Considering how comically difficult it is to explore Venus even now, let alone with technology from the 60s and 70s, why did the Soviets decide to devote so much time and resources to Venus? Other places, most notably Mars, have their own problems but seem like they would be much more reasonable as a focus for a country like the Soviet Union, at least since successful landers don't get destroyed by the nightmarish conditions on Mars after less than an Earth day. Was there a sense that Venus was 'ours' for the Soviets, since they had put so much effort into exploring it? Even now the Russians seem to feel a sense of ownership towards Venus in particular.
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I have recently taken an interest in Southeast african history, and have been very intrigued by states such as Maravi, Zimbabwe, and Mutapa. Are there any good books that focus on such history
2 Answers 2020-10-18
During what is known as the European Dark Ages when Western Science collapsed, the Islamic world made some of the most crucial scientific advancements to man kind and it was well known. In modern times however the mainstream view is quite different. When did this change happen and what caused the decline?
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Is it something particular about that time in our history, to do with our modern take on ghosts/spirits, or something that only comes about once we have moving pictures? Or is this something we've always done?
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As the title says, was there a Soviet equivalent to operation paper clip, or any use of former Nazis in Soviet sciences.
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How much has the Russian language has changed?
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Today:
Welcome to this week's instalment of /r/AskHistorians' Sunday Digest (formerly the Day of Reflection). Nobody can read all the questions and answers that are posted here, so in this thread we invite you to share anything you'd like to highlight from the last week - an interesting discussion, an informative answer, an insightful question that was overlooked, or anything else.
3 Answers 2020-10-18
If a plantation owner or similar died and had no living heir what happened? Did they become free? Did they pass to someone else? Sold with the money going to the state? I mean it must have happened some time.
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I’ve read a few small articles saying Hitler didn’t visit any concentration camps, just Adolf Eichmann and Heinrich Himmler. So did he just put them in charge of the camps? Are there reports of him talking about the camps them self?
Any documentaries or such about this topic? Or just in general any good documentaries about concentration camps you can recommend, I’ve been really into learning more about them lately
Thanks!
2 Answers 2020-10-18
So I been isolated and with out having anything better to do started watching ww2 docs and heard this statement made in couple of times with kinda made sense for me since you know those ships were huge, expensive and not really useful in the end.
But then I started reading up on other battleships and Iowa in specific, looking at specification Iowa class out guns yamamoto for sure and bismarck maybe. With size, armour, crew and power comparable.
So why were Yamamoto and Bismarck considered outdated at launch and Iowa was last commissioned in early 90s ?
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I understand that the treaty was signed in Warsaw, but the headquarters of the pact was in Moscow.
Why did the Pact select Warsaw instead of say Berlin, Budapest or Bratislava?
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Composers from the Renaissance age and after are still well known (e.g. Mozart, Bach,..) but why aren't there famous ones from before? The earliest I know is Hildegard Von Bingen (although she was a polihistor, known for other things too)
1 Answers 2020-10-18
I've been playing the game a lot lately and was wondering how accurate it is. I don't believe a solo ninja was able to take down the Mongols but maybe there were gorilla fighters (some farmers and Ronin) who joined up together?
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Same thing with the other side how did the Locals communicate with the Foreigners? I mean they don't understand each other in terms of language.
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1 Answers 2020-10-18
Hi guys! In order to better understand my countries founding, I've taken to copying down important pieces of United States history, and I figured there was no better place to start than the Declaration of Independence.
My knowledge and understanding of U.S. history is just the other side of minimal, but still pretty poor in my eyes. Even worse is my ability to translate some of the epic prose in these documents. So when I read a particular grievance with those damn Brits, my interest was piqued.
He has endeavoured to prevent the population of these States; for that purpose obstructing the Laws for Naturalization of Foreigners; refusing to pass others to encourage their migrations hither, and raising the conditions of new Appropriations of Lands.
Does this mean one of the grievences they had with England was that King George was making it difficult/impossible for immigrants to come and if/when they could, make it difficult/impossible to acquire land? Which my understanding is that was a very important part of legitimizing yourself just in general, let alone in a new country.
Please correct me if I'm wrong but that is what I got out of that statement. Thanks for the help.
1 Answers 2020-10-18
Other examples of it as a luxury item come from various bartending manuals I’ve encountered through research for work— Jerry Thomas, The Savoy hotel bar manual, etc.
Even as late as the 50’s, my mother, who grew up in Michigan, tells me stories of her childhood where oranges and tangerines were used as stocking stuffers, rare treats. I tried googling the inflation for oranges and then tropical fruit in the US and turned up little I could access.
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I'm currently at the point where I have to decide what I want to do in life and there's nothing I'd love to do more than to study history.
For context: I live in Germany and was fortunate enough to finish "High School" with fairly good grades (1.6), which allows me to study pretty much any Major I'd want with the only exception being medicine. As mentioned earlier the only thing I'd really want to study is History, but that being said I come from a lower middle class family so the financial burden is always a problem.
I'd like to believe that I have pretty good starting conditions to study History, I'm fluent in German, English, Russian, studied Latin in High School and am currently learning French by myself. (On that note I'd also like to pick Japanology as a 2nd minor)
The exact degree would be a 4 year History Major with Political Science and Japanology as minors. The Masters program is only 1 year long to compensate for the long Bachelors degree, so it’s pretty much a give that I'd study until I'd have my Masters.
Getting a degree in History first and then study something with better job prospects is sadly not an option because I simply wouldn’t be able to afford it.
Given my set of circumstances would studying history be reckless? I sort of feel like a prick for even wanting to study History in the first place because I know my parents would share the financial burden with me.
There’s no other Major I feel the same passion for though, my brother is studying Law and to be honest the thought of studying something as dry as this sounds like nightmare fuel to me.
I don’t think I even expect a definitive answer here but maybe just some general life advice would be good from people that chose to study history and to hear first hand what they then decided to do with that degree.
40 Answers 2020-10-18