How is it possible that humans just stumbled upon Easter Island? It's thousands of kilometers from areas of ancient civilizations. It's literally in the middle of nowhere.

Humans walked to America via the Bering. Humans walked across Canada to Greenland. Australia was hard to miss. Iceland sorta makes sense.

But Easter Island ?!

It was not attached to any other continent while humans existed. How could they hit it? I doubt ancient polynesians sent thousands of boats navigating the oceans metholidacally, thousands of kilometers from their homeland until they found it.

It boggles the mind.

1 Answers 2020-07-09

How did Henry VIII morally justify England’s split from the Catholic Church?

There is tons of info on his many personal motivations for the split, including securing a dynasty and personal lust/love, as well as many other factors. But I can’t find anything about how he justified the action in a Catholic/Christian framework. Did he even bother?

1 Answers 2020-07-09

In an empire as vast as that of the Romans, how long would it have taken for the news of an Emperor's death to spread to every province? Would some provinces not know of the Emperor's successor and question their authority under the false belief the old Emperor was still alive?

2 Answers 2020-07-09

Are there known instances of Hellenic polytheists venerating remains or artifacts attributed to demigods or apotheosized heroes?

Emperor Julian supposedly refered to Christian churches as 'Charnel houses' to mock their keeping of holy or saintly relics. To me this implies that there wasn't such a tradition, but it seems to make sense that a shrine might have what they claimed to me Theseus's shinbone or something, or did the concept of apotheosis in Hellenic religion necessitate a physical accession?

1 Answers 2020-07-09

Thursday Reading & Recommendations | July 09, 2020

Previous weeks!

Thursday Reading and Recommendations is intended as bookish free-for-all, for the discussion and recommendation of all books historical, or tangentially so. Suggested topics include, but are by no means limited to:

  • Asking for book recommendations on specific topics or periods of history

  • Newly published books and articles you're dying to read

  • Recent book releases, old book reviews, reading recommendations, or just talking about what you're reading now

  • Historiographical discussions, debates, and disputes

  • ...And so on!

Regular participants in the Thursday threads should just keep doing what they've been doing; newcomers should take notice that this thread is meant for open discussion of history and books, not just anything you like -- we'll have a thread on Friday for that, as usual.

7 Answers 2020-07-09

"Hamilton" has a song called "The Ten Duel Commanents" which details the 10 steps required to setting up a duel. How does the dramatization compare to real rules of dueling in the late 1700s in America?

For context, here is the song , and here are the 10 commandments

  1. The challenge, demand satisfaction If they apologize, no need for further action

  2. If they don't, grab a friend, that's your second. Your lieutenant when there's reckoning to be reckoned

  3. Have your seconds meet face to face. Negotiate a peace, Or negotiate a time and place

  4. If they don't reach a peace, that's alright. Time to get some pistols and a doctor on site. You pay him in advance, you treat him with civility. You have him turn around so he can have deniability

  5. Duel before the sun is in the sky. Pick a place to die where it's high and dry

  6. Leave a note for your next of kin. Tell 'em where you been. Pray to hell that heaven lets you in

  7. Confess your sins. Ready for the moment of adrenaline when you finally face your opponent

  8. Your last chance to negotiate. Send in your seconds, see if they can set the record straight

  9. Look 'em in the eye, aim no higher Summon all the courage you require

  10. 10 paces, fire!

Im especially curious if the line about doctors turning away for deniability has any sort of historical basis.

1 Answers 2020-07-09

Who had the authority to grant titles of nobility in the HRE after 1648? Could a "Fürst" give someone the title of "Duke"?

1 Answers 2020-07-09

Why did the organized criminality, especially mafia, used unions in the US?

Syndacate is even become something of a synonym for criminal organization. In Europe the history of unions, as far as I know, has always been that of a workers' indipendent movement with socialist influence, and it never got mixed with mafia or mobsters, nor they tried to take control of it. Is it true, as depicted in most movies, that it was the opposite in the US? If so, why? How did it work, what benefits did they get from it?

1 Answers 2020-07-09

Did CPUSA have any concrete plans for what to do if it took over the USA

How would it divide the country? Raise an army? Deal with it’s enemies?

1 Answers 2020-07-09

The AskHistorians Podcast: AskHistorians Podcast Episode 152 - The Chile Pepper in China

Episode 152 is live!

The AskHistorians Podcast is a project that highlights the users and answers that have helped make r/AskHistorians one of the largest history discussion forums on the internet. You can subscribe to us via iTunes, Stitcher, or RSS, and now on YouTube and Google Play. If there is another index you'd like the cast listed on, let us know!

**This Episode:

The Chile Pepper in China**

In this episode, u/EnclavedMicrostate interviews Brian Dott about the history of the chile pepper in China. This covers the pepper's introduction and spread, its integration into existing Chinese cuisine and understandings of culinary theory, its use as a medicine, as a cultural metaphor, and as a marker of regional identities.

Questions? Comments?

2 Answers 2020-07-09

How much did the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki with nuclear bombs actually matter to ending WWII?

I guess my question is really a handful of questions. The first question, I'm wondering about the fact that the bombs were nuclear specifically. I've seen elsewhere the argument that, from the Japanese perspective, it didn't particularly matter at the time whether it was one bomb from one plane vice several hundreds or thousands of bombs from a multitude of aircraft. Additionally given the fact that the long term effects of radiation and by extension nuclear warfare weren't known to the Japanese, did it matter at all that the US used singular nuclear bombs on each city? (As opposed to a 'traditional' bombing campaign to level the cities)

In your opinion how much more important, if at all, to the Japanese was the Soviet advance in Manchuria than the American attacks on the Homeland?

Are there any surviving firsthand accounts of Japanese officials' discussions about the end of the war? (Bonus if they're translated into English so I could read them as I don't speak Japanese)

Mostly I'm looking for general clarification behind the Japanese thought process towards the end of the war. Sorry if it's been asked here before. I did try to search previous questions but I didn't come up with anything. Though I fully admit that might just be because I was using bad keywords.

1 Answers 2020-07-09

I have a couple of questions about Poland around the time of the Second World War.

  1. How commonplace was anti-Semitism in general opinion and in the law prior to Nazi occupation?
  2. How commonplace was misogyny in general opinion and in the law prior to Nazi occupation, and after the occupation?
  3. What sort of influence did the Catholic Church have in pre-war Poland? Did the Nazis suppress this?
  4. Did Poland have any treaties or agreements with countries prior to the Second World War?
  5. As a whole, what sort of lifestyle did the Polish people lead before the occupation? Was there much technology? How rich did they tend to be? How did this change when the Nazis invaded? Was rationing implemented?

I've asked quite a lot of questions. Any help is appreciated. Thanks, da3m0ny

1 Answers 2020-07-09

What happened the moment the treaty was signed to the battlefields of ww1?

Did the forces immediately stop fighting? Or did it take some time for word to reach them?

I'm really curious about how this entire process worked, did both sides also work together to remove the dead after the fighting stopped?

1 Answers 2020-07-09

Why didn't any Holy Roman Emperors Try to Become Pope?

There obviously were conflicts between the papacy and the emperor of the HRE. The emperor would appoint an antipope to replace the pope. The title of pope also came with land and had secular power besides being the spiritual leader of the Catholic church. So why didn't any emperor try to become pope as well?

1 Answers 2020-07-09

Did Hitler outline any plans for succession?

The title says it all, though the assumption is that this is in a scenario where Germany somehow won WWII. Did Hitler knew how the next Furher was gonna be chosen? Assuming that he had children, would the power go to them, or would it go to another high-ranking Nazi official? Would there be a vote, or would Hitler's word be final?

2 Answers 2020-07-09

How, when and why did Americans lose their British accents?

1 Answers 2020-07-09

Do we know if the Greeks or Romans had rules regarding which side of the road was for travel in each direction?

Sophocles writes about a conflict between Oedipus and an old man over who has the right of way on a road and the latter is killed - signifying that road rage wasn't a foreign concept in the ancient world. More to the point though, would there have been a set of rules for roadway travel codified at any point in Greece or Rome, and if so, do we have any fragments of it surviving today? Can we tell from archaeology if not?

2 Answers 2020-07-09

Did they poop in the halls at Versailles?

In one volume of Neal Stephenson's Baroque Cycle—which certainly feels thoroughly researched—a character (commoner turned Duchess) is depicted lifting her winter skirts to avoid human excrement left in the halls of the apartments at Versailles. It is noted to be 7 years after the establishment of le palais.

How accurate is this? Water works, I know, were a marveled feature of the grounds, but it's not surprising that internal plumbing was yet far off. I'm just surprised they didn't have copper pots or something. Is this so?

Edit: spelling of duchess. Noted, thank you.

1 Answers 2020-07-09

What was FDR's stance on the atom bomb?

Is there documentation or testimony to show what his position was on using the atom bomb? I think I remember Truman was quite for it, but I could be wrong. I'm wondering if this was a point of difference for the two? If you have any suggested reading, that would be great. Thank you!

1 Answers 2020-07-09

Could ancient Greeks and Persians understand each other?

Since both are PIE languages that still have some similar words. how similar were they 2500 years ago? did they realize the likeness?

It seems to me that they could even have been speaking in some pidgin form

1 Answers 2020-07-09

St. Thomas Aquinas' philosophy was influenced and derived from Aristotle, Averroes, and Maimonides--a pagan, a Muslim, and a Jew. Was this considered controversial in the Church at the time?

2 Answers 2020-07-09

Why did the U.S. Congress choose the famously prickly John Adams, a man who once described himself as "obnoxious" didn't speak French, as Commissioner to France during important diplomatic negotiations in 1777?

Forgive the obligatory "this question comes from something I just watched" explanation, but after viewing HBO's John Adams mini-series, my first thought about Adams's disastrous efforts at diplomacy in France was not about why things went so poorly, but instead why Congress thought he would be a good choice for the post in the first place, in light of both the language barrier and his reputation for being stubborn and cantankerous.

I would greatly appreciate any insight you could provide on the thought process behind his appointment. Thank you!

1 Answers 2020-07-09

Did military leaders actually lead the charge into the enemy?

Fiction and historically inspired movies often put the general, leader, captain, etc. at the head of the army and that person leads the charge.

I understand the Hollywood appeal of the lead actor heroically charging into battle. But, did military leaders actually do this?

It would be neat to hear how this changed over advances in military combat.

1 Answers 2020-07-09

Philippe Augustus met with King Richard I in Sicily en route to the Land of Milk and Honey—what, if any, documents/information do we have about this encounter?

1 Answers 2020-07-09

Was Abraham Lincoln's victory in 1860 more indicative of a desire to abolish slavery, or more because he was the moderate candidate?

Basically the title. Did Lincoln win because a significant portion of the population wanted to abolish slavery, or did he win because he was viewed more as a moderate, non divisive peace keeper who just wanted to keep the union together?

1 Answers 2020-07-09

1225 / 7255

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