For how long did Italians refer to themselves as Romans?

I understand that even after the fall of the West people of Italy still considered themselves to be Romans. But when did it stop?

1 Answers 2022-08-20

Just exactly how awful was Sparta, how do we know, and how much should we care?

A few years back, history professor [Bret Devereaux] (https://history.unc.edu/adjunct/bret-devereaux/) wrote a blog series on Sparta outlining Spartan society and detailing why it should not be revered (to put it mildly). Some of the posts were critiqued on AskHistorians. See this reply by /u/Iphikrates and this follow-up.

Dr. Devereaux just released a retrospective on the original series of blog posts, wherein he responds to various criticisms, specifically addressing the posts from this sub linked above in the process, and also attempts to clarify his position.

To be clear, I find his responses well-reasoned and quite persuasive. However, I am not at all qualified to judge his presentations of the literature, the academic discourse on the subject, or the current consensus (or lack thereof) on the nature of Spartan society and government. As such, how awful was Sparta, and how do we know what we know to the extent that we know it?

This is as much a question of historiography as anything else, so please don't spare the details!

I'd also like to address another major point of the retrospective: How should any of the answers to the above questions be communicated to the public at large, especially to those who have a clearly false and politically motivated perspective on Spartan society? How does one make it clear that these specifics matter without playing into bad faith arguments?

1 Answers 2022-08-19

President Woodrow Wilson suffered a debilitating stroke in 1919, leaving him mostly blind and partially paralyzed. He spent the last 17 months of his presidency sequestered in the White House. How capable and mentally fit was he? Why didn't the vice president take over? Why didn't Wilson step down?

1 Answers 2022-08-19

Suggestions for learning more about the Chu-Han Contention for fans of Ken Liu?

I am a big fan of the "Dandelion Dynasty" series of silkpunk fantasy novels by Ken Liu. I recently learned that the first book, The Grace of Kings, is apparently a nearly beat-for-beat retelling of the Chu-Han Contention. As historical fiction, the book would be excellent, but of course some elements are fantastical and unreal. I feel like I managed to learn a lot of ancient Chinese history without realizing it, but now I would like to know what is based in real history and what is not. Sadly, my education was slanted heavily Eurocentric and so I am pretty ignorant of Chinese history.

How can I learn more? Are there books (straight history or historical fiction) that are accessible to a complete beginner? Any suggestions are most appreciated (and I hope this question is properly formatted for the rules of this sub)

1 Answers 2022-08-19

Was Catherine of Aragon black? (Or, given that modern notions of race didn't exist in the 16th century, was she darker-skinned?)

In Sandman #73 by Neil Gaiman, the character Hob Gadling (who is meant to have been alive for hundreds of years) was having a discussion with his girlfriend, who said that there were no black queens of England. He retorts that Catherine of Aragon was black, and provides the following explanation:

There were a lot of Moors and Africans in Spain and Italy in the old days. Remember Othello? Trust me, if Catherine of Aragon had been in Alabama in the 1950's, they'd have made her ride in the back of the bus.

How accurate is this statement? According to Wikipedia, this is a portrait of her, and she does not appear to be black to me.

1 Answers 2022-08-19

Why didnt the RN purpose a submarine flotilla with the specific task of sinking the Bismarck?

If this has been posted previously my apologiies. My most likely reason is the boats was purposed elsewhere. My logic for using them is the Kriegsmarine did not employ a significant screening force where commerce raiders were concerned. Thanknyou in adavnve for your responses.

1 Answers 2022-08-19

Is anybody familiar with literature that is combining theory of history with computational/digital methods?

Does anybody knows for works (articles, books) that are trying to combine theoretical perspectives and problems of historiography, with methods and theoris of computational social science/digital humanities? I am thinking along the lines of methods like natural language processing, social network analysis or agent based modeling. For example using computer simulations (agent based modeling) to test counterfactual hypothesis about some historical event or process.

2 Answers 2022-08-19

What is the current scholarly consensus on the authorship of the Qur'an? Do most experts still hold the Qur'an to be principally the work of a single author?

I've recently become acquainted with the work of Tommaso Tesei, Gabriel Said Reynolds, Andreas Kalpony and Nicolai Sinai, who from my non-specialist perspective appear to be credible scholars in Qur'anic studies. These authors have recently made arguments for a model of multiple authorship for the Qur'an, either as a redaction of pre-canonical written texts from different authors (as postulated by Reynolds) or as containing a core that goes back to the historical Muhammad, that was later expanded by people in a different sociohistorical context after his death (although Sinai appears to believe the Qur'an is still primarily the work of one author, whereas Tesei is much more skeptical). This is in contrast to what many of these scholars note has been the prevailing scholarly consensus, namely that the Qur'an has a single author.

What has the scholarly reaction to these arguments been? What have the recent counterarguments, questions, and rebuttals from experts been about the issue?

1 Answers 2022-08-19

A teacher of mine mentioned in passing that in the 18th and 19th centuries it used to be almost the majority for women in middle class households to be in charge of the family finances, and that they often played the same role in the family business. Is this true, and if so, what changed?

Traditionally at least in my experience, anything to do with money is thought of as more men's work. But I did google and I did see things like classes in household economizing for women in the 50s? Does the tradition go back further than that though?

1 Answers 2022-08-19

The borders of Brazil extend much further west in South America than the boundary line originally set by the Treaty of Tordesillas. What led to Portugal controlling so much land which was nominally granted to Spain? Did Spain ever get mad about this?

1 Answers 2022-08-19

What are some good books to read about the history of Chinese Imperial Bureaucracy?

1 Answers 2022-08-19

Queen Boudica supposedly had over 200.000 warriors against a Roman garrison of 10.000. How did she still lose with such an OVERWHELMING advantage of numbers?

2 Answers 2022-08-19

Can you suggest books that will get me interested in Ottoman (and Turkish) history?

So, I just entered a Turkish university, and will be studying history. Lectures are mostly on the Ottomans, and to be honest, I'm not that interested in the Ottomans. So, I need books that will get me interested in them. I'm a native speaker, and live in Turkey, so books in Turkish would probably be better, since they're easier to obtain and digest. But English is fine too.

1 Answers 2022-08-19

Why Did Molotov Consider applying the USSR for NATo Membership after Stalin's Death?

1 Answers 2022-08-19

How do we prove or disprove "they were good friends" theories of historical people?

This is certainly a broader question than any one particular person, but an example I think of is the Roman emperor Hadrian in part because the consensus is pretty solid that he was in fact gay, but even he was still subject to Greco-Roman cultural norms which were different from our own regarding sexuality.

How do historians make the case of whether a person from history was gay, bi, or straight, or are these terms themselves not useful for looking at sexual orientation in the deep past? And how much evidence is needed to make the case one way or the other?

2 Answers 2022-08-19

Friday Free-for-All | August 19, 2022

Previously

Today:

You know the drill: this is the thread for all your history-related outpourings that are not necessarily questions. Minor questions that you feel don't need or merit their own threads are welcome too. Discovered a great new book, documentary, article or blog? Has your Ph.D. application been successful? Have you made an archaeological discovery in your back yard? Did you find an anecdote about the Doge of Venice telling a joke to Michel Foucault? Tell us all about it.

As usual, moderation in this thread will be relatively non-existent -- jokes, anecdotes and light-hearted banter are welcome.

9 Answers 2022-08-19

Who waited on Arthur Phillip while he sailed on the First Fleet?

I'm trying to figure out if he took a personal servant or if the other marines waited on him. Who shaved him in the morning and stood behind his chair at dinner? Or did he actually look after himself? Did officers have personal servants in the Royal Marines in 1788?

1 Answers 2022-08-19

Why didn't the Commonwealth of Independent States inherit the Soviet place within the UN Security Council?

Apologies if this question would be more fit for r/HistoryWhatIf—I'm expecting higher-quality answers here is all, and I'm particularly interested in the legal considerations of my question.

The question's a fairly simple one—couldn't have the legal grey area Russia was put in as a result of being both a seceding member of the USSR as well as the Union's sole successor been avoided by naming the Commonwealth of Independent States, explicitly stated to be the successor organisation to the Soviet Union in the Belovezh Accords, the inheritor of Soviet Union's place within the UN Security Council instead of Russia? If not, why?

1 Answers 2022-08-19

How expensive was it to buy and care for a horse in England in the late 1600s?

This is an oddly specific one, I know, but I thought it would be worth asking as I've been Googling and searching every database available to me and I'm not coming up on any useful or sourced answers!

I am writing an MA dissertation on travel writers in the long-eighteenth century. One of the lesser-known writers I'm using as a case study travelled exclusively on horseback, and it would be useful to one of my points of argument/speculation to know how much this might have cost her - preferably with any sources possible as obviously I can't use reddit as a source in my dissertation!

Thank you in advance to anyone who could possibly try to help me with this.

1 Answers 2022-08-19

Question about Antigonus Gonatas ?

Hello,

I reside in Athens and recently I heard from podcast about Antigonus Gonatas which he studied in Athens and he was very close to philosophers and on the podcast I heard that they are still some tablets for him. So I called the epigrafiko museum in Athens and they want a source to find the tablet unfortunely they don't have it in public to search via internet. Is there anyone here which knows where I can found a reference to ask for this tablet/epigrafi to see it on the museum.

thank you in advance

1 Answers 2022-08-19

Could you just walk into a store and buy arms and armors in medieval Europe?

A common trope of fantasy games like D&D are armorers; you just walk in their shops and they have weapons and armors on display that anyone with the money can buy.

Was this ever a thing? From my understanding, armors were prohibitively expensive so I can’t imagine someone just setting up shop and selling stuff to the average joe. Additionally, full suits were often custom fitted and couldn’t just be worn by anybody.

1 Answers 2022-08-19

The war of 1812 was the last time that the power of the United States was non-thermonuclearly threatened by a foreign power. Were there any geopolitical thinkers in the UK who were seriously concerned with the prospect of the USA's rise and pushing to expand the scope of the war?

2 Answers 2022-08-19

Was wheat flour available to most people in Viking-age and high medieval Scandinavia? How did agriculture in Scandinavia and Iceland compare to Northwest Europe at this time?

I've read that rye was vastly more common than wheat in Scandinavia throughout the middle ages, while wheat prevailed in most of modern-day Germany and all throughout France. Were wheat flour and wheat bread unheard-of among the Vikings and their descendants, or would these products be imported from the European continent like red wine was? When did wheat become accessible in Scandinavia, and what was the grain situation of Iceland throughout the middle ages?

1 Answers 2022-08-19

How much of our perception of pre-modern status of children is painted by only having sources for nobility and rich burghers? Do we have any contrary sources to the idea that parents did not recognize their children as people until they were 7?

1 Answers 2022-08-19

Did people really go to the opera nude in 19th century Russia?

I'm in the middle of reading War and Peace and just encountered a passage that was really perplexing. Several of the major characters are at an opera in Moscow and Tolstoy keeps describing how one of the female characters in the audience is nude. First he says she was "completely undressed" and then later he says "her bosom was completely bare."

I must be misunderstanding. Surely women in circa 1810 Russia didn't get undressed as they watched the opera?

2 Answers 2022-08-19

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