How important was physical prowess in battles before firearms?

I suppose taller and heavier men were better at fighting with swords, axes and probably even bows. They could have used a heavier armor and a larger shield.

When the men of a tribe/people were, on average, significantly taller and muscular than their enemies did this play a role in battles outcome or was it negligible relatively to other factors?

1 Answers 2019-10-06

Armor Weight

I'm doing some deep, DEEP research in DnD, and need specific weight ranges, in Lbs, to various parts of armor. Materials standard i am holding myself to is Cowhide, Steel, Oak, and limestone for stone if it applies. I will take any help, but these materials are my baseline. Above all, i need help finding further reading to weights, all this extra details is fluff that doesn't pertain to the question, but i still need to consider.

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Any further reading would be greatly appreciated. Followng are the types of armor i would like help with. Near the top it is standard, near the bottom are unorthodox materials for magical armor composites.

Leather

Studded

Scaled

Gambeson

Fur

Hide

Splint

Chainmail

Scale

Lamellar

Wood/Haida (Not common at all, specifically Oak)

Partial Plate (Think standard Steel or Iron armor in Skyrim, lack of real joints)

Full Plate (Piece by piece weight please)

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These are the materials that can be molded into armor, but have no historical evidence whatsoever to functionally exist IRL, if you want to help me get some functional weights, that would be nice, but i am mostly interested in the ones above. They are here cause, why not ask. Optional side question.

Limestone

Blue Ice (hardest ice in the world)

Ceramic

Glass/Crystal

Clay/Brick

1 Answers 2019-10-06

Why does Turkey use the Latin Alphabet

I know that arabic is sometimes spoken so why is it that they and the Ottoman Empire didn't use their own native alphabet (whatever that may look like)

1 Answers 2019-10-06

Who were the real Vikings?

As a Dane, I’ve grown up being told that the danish were the real Vikings, and that we ruled over the rest of Scandinavia (both in government and in strength) but talking to both Swedes and Nords, they also claim that they were the true Vikings. What is the truth of this?

1 Answers 2019-10-06

I recently read, that in WW1 the Vatican and the German Empire prevented a genocide which the Ottoman Empire planned at the Jews in Palestine,is this true? (More Infos inside)

I was reading about "Nili", an jewish espionage network in Palestine during WW1, when i heard about the German general Erich von Falkenhayn in Palestine who accordingly to this quote helped preventing the an genocide together with the Vatican:

"..and the Jews of Palestine escaped the tragic fate of the Armenians only due to the intervention of the Vatican, the German government and General Erich von Falkenhayn, commander of the Ottoman-German troops in Palestine." (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nili

)

This is something i never heard about, i tried to read more about but it, but i'm not sure about the correctness of the Source given by Wikipedia: http://www.israeldailypicture.com/2011/12/did-german-officer-prevent-massacre-of.html

Someone has an answer to this? Or maybe just a tip, where and how i could get more and "safe" informations about this?

Edit: I also found out, that the German historian, where this informations seems to be based on is not taken very seriously by other historians through his publishings about Aliens and Ufos

1 Answers 2019-10-06

JS Bach wrote a number of pieces in "Italian style" and even arranged some of Vivaldi's string music for organ. Do we have any idea how Bach's pieces were received by contemporary Italian composers?

1 Answers 2019-10-06

What are instances in which candidates for the American presidency attempted or obtained assistance from foreign powers to win the election?

For example, were there any interactions between Nixon's campaign of 1968 and the North Vietnamese, or the Reagan's campaign of 1980 and the Iranian revolutionaries holding Americans hostage? Or perhaps other examples?

1 Answers 2019-10-06

It’s 1204 and Constantinople has been sacked to oblivion. What would be the immediate aftershocks for the different people in the Byzantine Empire?

For example, what is the immidiate effect for a peasant in Thessaloniki or a frontier general in Anatolia.

1 Answers 2019-10-06

Sunday Digest | Interesting & Overlooked Posts | September 30, 2019–October 06, 2019

Previous

Today:

Welcome to this week's instalment of /r/AskHistorians' Sunday Digest (formerly the Day of Reflection). Nobody can read all the questions and answers that are posted here, so in this thread we invite you to share anything you'd like to highlight from the last week - an interesting discussion, an informative answer, an insightful question that was overlooked, or anything else.

2 Answers 2019-10-06

"In those days, "surgeons operated in blood-stiffened frock coats – the stiffer the coat, the prouder the busy surgeon", "pus was as inseparable from surgery as blood", and "Cleanliness was next to prudishness"" How would this make sense in the light of the miasma theory? Wouldnt everything reek?

"He quotes Sir Frederick Treves on that era: "There was no object in being clean...Indeed, cleanliness was out of place. It was considered to be finicking and affected. An executioner might as well manicure his nails before chopping off a head""

I see these quotes quite often (taken from here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Liston) and it makes little sense to me. All of that should reek. If I believed in miasma, and everything I owned smelled incredibly bad, would I not believe its spreading disease? Furthermore, most doctors saw themselves as gentleman and were proud of keeping themselves clean. Why would they make an exception here?

1 Answers 2019-10-06

Books on 19th century's Middle-East ?

So, I've taken interest in the movement known as the Nahda, and would like some references and books tackting the subjects, and developping their ideas and doctrines or presenting the leaders and thinkers of this movement.

3 Answers 2019-10-06

How sincere was the belief in the divine right of kings?

In sociology I keep reading about how ideas of government has changed, and how in the old days people really believed that God appointed kings. But was this just an excuse kings and lords used when coming down on uppity peasants or did people really look at highborn people as separate and favored by God?

Was killing a king really seen as some kind of unholy act?

1 Answers 2019-10-06

When did cookbooks started to provide weights and measures in their recipes? And were there any particular factors that started this trend?

Roman and Medieval cookbooks tend to be quite lax in measurements of their recipes, and generally only providing the methods to make something. Which is a far cry from the exact measurements of today’s cookbooks. What exactly started this propensity to have measurements in recipes?

1 Answers 2019-10-06

In "Into that Darkness", the commander of Treblinka Franz Stangl claims that former death camp personnel were assigned to the most dangerous duties in the last years of the war in order to get them killed as they were an "embarrassment". Is there any truth to this or was Stangl fishing for sympathy?

1 Answers 2019-10-06

When did the "natural scientists" of old disappear or did they ever exist ?

An issue that's been bothering me for quite some time is that of the seemingly myopic view of the world of a lot of people I meet working in fields such as science and engineering.

It "seems" to me, and I want to accentuate the word "seems" here, that a lot of scientists/engineers in the past were much more broad reaching in the scope of what they focused on.

The most modern example being people like Feynman or Von Neumann, which seemed to have made significant advancements in field ranging from set theory, to linear algebra, measure theory, n-dimensional geometry , to philosophy, computer science, to biology, particle physics, classical mechanics, organic chemistry, material engineering, meteorology (just to name some of the field upon which Neumann had influence).

Obviously these people are outliers, and to some extent it might be that their image got inflated after their death.

So what I'm curios is:

  • Is there any evidence to suggest that "average" "scientists" in the 17th to early 20th century had a more broader understanding of all domains than "average" scientists today ?
  • If there is, what is this evidence and when does this trend give way to over-specialization ?
  • If there isn't, do you think that this is a common myth or just a wrong-impression which very few people hold ? Do you attribute it to a scientific equivalent of the "great man" thinking historians have of politics & war ? Is there an equivalent to the "Gun, germs and steel" viewpoint arguing against this view ?

1 Answers 2019-10-06

What was the cause of the Great War/WW1?

1 Answers 2019-10-06

The prime minister of Hyderabad built the Falaknuma palace for himself in 1893 but then the Nizam moved in in 1897 and never left. Do we know more about this awkward situation?

Seems like an asshole move by the Nizam. The prime minister had to eventually offer to sell it to him for a fraction of the price. I can't find any more info but I'm sure there has to be more juicy behind the scene going ons about how the whole situation played out.

1 Answers 2019-10-06

Is there a way I can find out if anyone in my family died in WWI or WWII?

[deleted]

1 Answers 2019-10-06

Why did Ghengis Khan not expand his empire further into India?

I know the main catalyst for his conquests to the west we're due to his anger towards the Khwarazmian Shah and to the east due to his feud against China. But why did he send his generals so far west into Europe when looking at a map of their expanding empire, southern India looked like a much more logical target?

1 Answers 2019-10-06

When you watch American television shows from the 40s, 50s, even 60, everybody had a certain accent that you don't hear today ever. When did this change and how?

As the title says - When you watch American television shows from the 40s, 50s, even 60s, everybody had a certain accent that you don't hear today ever. It's particularly obvious when you watch clips of old news programs. But nobody talks like this today. When did this change and how?

1 Answers 2019-10-06

What happened to the Roman people living in Gaul, Italy, Africa, Britain, and Iberia after those lands were invaded by barbarians in the 5th century?

After Western Rome fell, did they flee to the eastern empire if possible, assimilate into the gothic/saxon/frankish people, or something else?

1 Answers 2019-10-06

Trying to Find Authentic Sources Online

I'm trying to find authentic, academic sheet music of the Seikilos Epitaph and the Hurrian Hymn, No. 6. I don't want actual pictures of these artifacts, but interpretations of these pieces of music, translated into sheet music so someone could actually play it on an instrument. I figured this would be a good subreddit to ask being how historians archive documents and artifacts, maybe somebody could point me to an authoritative online database, maybe? I hope I'm not being too broad. I would appreciate any help.

1 Answers 2019-10-06

Why did the Soviet Union collapse?

I love learning about history, especially from 1914 to 1991. However, one question that has always stuck in my mind is “Why did the Soviet Union collapse?”. In modern times you hear theories from the left and the right. With the left saying that the reason that the USSR collapsed was due to sabotage by the West and through reactionary traitors. While the right says that Socialism is a bad economic system that does not encourage competition due to everyone being paid the same.

I want to know the real reason as to “Why did the Soviet Union collapse?". Especially since there was a referendum on March 17th, 1991 in were nine of the fifteen republics voted to remain in the union (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991_Soviet_Union_referendum). Also are there any good non biased sources that I can look up more information on this topic?

1 Answers 2019-10-06

The Greek Gods and Jesus

Ancient Greek mythology stands out among other mythologies because they made their God in their own image. Christianity stands out among other religions because they believe that their God became a human through a virgin birth. When the Greek pagans were being evangelized to by the early Christians, would the idea of the Christian incarnation be outlandish to them?

1 Answers 2019-10-06

Citizen Kane was a financial flop during it's release in 1941, yet in a 1962 poll, the Sight & Sound magazine declared Citizen Kane to be the 'Greatest Film of All Time'. Did we ever learn what Orson Welles' reaction of the changing attitude towards his film was like?

It seems like while the film itself was mostly well received by film critics, it was a bit of a financial flop with a few notable figures like Sartre criticizing the film. Yet only 2 decades and a year later, it's hailed as THE Greatest Film of All Time. (And not for the last time, either). Was Welles as confused as I am about this development? (Also, apologies in advanced if this question was already answered).

1 Answers 2019-10-06

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