OK I get that France promoted the rights of Roman catholic and Russia promoted the rights of the Eastern Orthodox Church but that still doesn’t answer my question.

I’ve come across a few references to Czar Nicholas the II being a drunk but nothing with concrete sources. Is there any truth to an alcohol problem? As a family man tied to someone as uptight as Alexandra, I’m curious as to how an alcohol problem would work for him and if it led to the poor decisions and delusions that led to his abdication.

I've seen many pictures of the ruins of the Chimu city of Chan Chan, but always just a metre of sandstone or whatever it is, off of the ground. Was the rest of the city just made of the same material? If so, are there any image to be found depicting a still intact Chan Chan?

This question has been bugging me for some time, hearing it was such a great city of such a recent civilization. I wanted to know more about their archetecture.

Sorry if I have made any spelling mistakes, I'm no native anglo speaker and only 16.

If what we think of as a castle didn't really exist until Norman times, what kind of structures and "fortified residences" did European nobility live in in the centuries before? What did a typical noble family's / warlord's home look like in, say, the 700s CE? (More specifically, in the areas around modern France, Britain, and Germany.)

Hi, I'm not sure if this really fits here but I am looking at getting some books and I was wondering if they were all historically sound/trustworthy/reputable.

• George Marshall: Defender of the Republic by David Roll
• The Marshall Plan: Dawn of the Cold War by Benn Steil
• Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies by Jared Diamond
• Upheaval: Turning Points for Nations in Crisis by Jared Diamond

Thanks for your help!

Given all the recent findings in Idaho, I’m interested to find out what the latest theories are regarding how humans ended up in the Americas. Is “Clovis First” still the predominant theory in the academic world? Have any new alternatives been proposed recently? Are there some big findings that stand out? Lastly, if there are any good documentaries on this subject, that would be awesome.

For both poor and noble women, what were periods like? Did they have any medication, were they ever taught about it, what did they use to catch the blood?

Was it ideological appeal among some sections of the rank and file of of the Russian military? Or was it promises of high positions to the higher-ups? Was it both? Something else entirely?

Hi /r/AskHistorians!

I recently started working in a job that focuses on a few countries in West Africa, and while I know the general context of much of the region, have been before, and read news from the region daily, I'm thinking that it would serve me well to develop a deeper understanding of the colonial and post-colonial histories of the region/ countries involved. I browsed the book list associated with the subreddit and found a couple of good things to start with, but I'm also realizing in my research that I'm getting mostly western sources. While there have been western academics and scholars present throughout the entire continent of Africa for a long time, I'm concerned that developing an understanding for the region solely through these experts, and not through voices coming from within these societies, will give me a one-sided, incomplete perspective.

So, I wanted to ask if anyone knew of a couple of good West African scholars I could look up to read more about the region? If, so, please let me know!

He went from criticizing Georges Danton of wanting a republic to helping him during the Insurrection of August 10th. I was curious of what changed his mind. I think the king’s failed escape attempt might be a cause but surely there were other factors

I heard that marriage in Christian Europe differed mainly from Pre-Christian customs, in that in Christian Europe it was in theory between the Husband, Wife and God, while in Pre-Christian (Barbarian and Roman) it was more between the families (Or head of the Family) of the Husband and the Wife. While from what i have heard on Roman marriage and legal customs, this seems to be the case, i am skeptical on if this holds true for the Barbarians, especially the Germanics, as i heard that Scandinavian women could divorce for official reasons, such as the husband not being good at sex and this seems to me like a personal reason, that a family or head of family, would probably not apply. So just to what extent does this apply to Non-Roman Europe, especially as the Germanics and Goths brought their traditions into what was formally Roman lands

Late 1800's - early 1900's England

Agatha's Christie's autobiography mentioned manners for a lady her mother taught her, one of which was the teaching in the title.

Apologies for the horrible typos in the title.

Also do we know how much mustard gas (and other chemical weapons) were shipped over to Europe?

Looking into the history of the printing press I was surprised to find that it was the Venetians who first printed in arabic, and it was all a business strategy to sell bibles in arabic speaking countries, classic Venetians.

Even when the printing press spread to the ottoman empire it was jews, greeks and other non arabic speaking people using it, and the first printing presses in arabic were made by christian monks.

The more I look into this topic, the more baffled I am, the first printed Quran was again made by Italians in 1537 while the ottomans were still not printing qurans in mass 200 years later.

The weirdest part of it all is that muslims love writing, specially love historical records, you'd think they'd jump at the opportunity to make their sacred book, the hadiths, and the works of their philosophers easily and widely accessible, but for some reason they didn't

Its Printed in soldiers handbooks that one may only have 5 rounds in the magazine of their Lee-Enfield with the chamber empty and the safety catch back at any given time.
This same Rule was also Enforced Before the Beginning of the 'Mad Minute'
During a Trench Raid (Offensive or Defensive), Giving the superior optimale firing rate which a soldier was Trained to perform due to the mad minute. Surely Loading Their Rifle to the maximum amount would be better.