What was the Union's Native American policy during the Civil War and how did that change from the antebellum era? Were there any military actions against Native Americans during but unrelated to the war?

1 Answers 2018-06-28

Is there any documented history of newly enslaved African Slaves arriving on foreign shores shortly after 'acts of freedom' during the Transatlantic Slave Trade period? What is likely to have happened to them after arriving?

Especially in relation to the United Kingdom around 1722 (as there was no war fought to make the industry as obviously risky for those engaged in it unlike the US), but also in relation to new African Slaves introduced in 1865 to the US.

The thought occurred to me while researching the history of Liverpool (wealth in the 18th / 19th century built primarily on the slave trade). When I came across the Slave Trade Act I thought there must have been ships who left before the act of parliament was signed off and arrived with a ship full of what would unexpectedly be 'free men'. The Slave Trade was hotly debated for years, but the pro lobby had enough support to put (by the sounds of it) a reasonable amount of doubt on the passing of any potential Act in the minds of those engaged in the Trade.

1 Answers 2018-06-28

What is the origin of the "International Jewish Conspiracy"? Have the rise of international banking families as Rothschilds fueled the belief that "Jews rule the World"?

Obviously, I refer to it as a conspiracy as in made-up things. In the Medieval era, Jews were scapegoated for harvest failures and diseases. Yet as they lacked substantial power, it would have been ridiculous to claim that they rule the world. Industrialization and capitalism expansion gave a pathway for Jews to excel with aforementioned Rothschilds becoming the richest family (outside of monarchies) at one point. The Protocols of the Elders of Zion may have crystallized the belief, but I doubt it was the source.

2 Answers 2018-06-28

How were Roman Auxillery Soldiers treated when they came home to their own city or province after serving in the Roman army?

Did people dislike them for fighting for the "enemy" or did people respect them?

1 Answers 2018-06-28

Islam rose at a time when Byzantium and Persia were at their weakest. Was this mere coincidence or were the destructive wars of Byzantine and Persia indirectly helping in the Rise of Islam or the unity of the Arabs?

2 Answers 2018-06-28

What do we know about the religious practices of pre-Christian Europe?

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1 Answers 2018-06-28

What happened to monks after the dissolution of the monasteries under Henry VIII?

Was there any sort of compensation scheme, return-to-work training programme, etc? I suppose what I'm really asking is if there was a governmental policy for dealing with large groups of ex-monks and if so, what form it took.

2 Answers 2018-06-28

How prevalent were tattoos among Nordic warriors during the viking age? And did they typically represent some sort of meaning?

There's been a number of pop culture movies/tv series about the vikings (which I do know is not technically a historical title for nordic warriors, ie. 'to go viking'), but I was wondering if tattoos were a common place among the more seasoned warriors in the Nordic cultures of the times, and if they were, were they made to represent anything in particular? Major battles fought, religious affinity, ties to certain lords, etc?

Also as an aside, if they were - what was the process of actually forming them? Because obviously they didn't have access to modern tattoo equipment, so was the possible tattoos all done through a rudimentary 'stick and poke' method? How did they combat the potential for infection? Or was that just a sort of hope and pray situation?

1 Answers 2018-06-28

Which photo of Woodrow Wilson at Versailles is David McCullough referring to in this line from 'Truman'?

In a section about the famous photo of Harry Truman holding up the 'Truman Defeats Dewey' paper, McCullough writes: "Like some other photographs of other presidents - of Theodore Roosevelt in a white linen suit at the controls of a steam shovel in Panama, or Woodrow Wilson at Versailles...this of Harry Truman in 1947 would convey the spirit of both the man and the moment as almost nothing else would."

1 Answers 2018-06-28

How did the concept of the 7 days of the week come about?

Unlike years and months, which use seasons and, in some cultures, the phases of the moon as a reference point, the days of the week is completely arbitrary.

So how did we get 7 days in a week? Why are there 7 and not 6 or 8? Which cultures were the first to adopt it and how did it spread to a point when almost everyone in the world today follows this weekly cycle?

1 Answers 2018-06-28

Book requestion for world war 2 industrial mobilization.

I'm looking for a book, ideally academic in nature on the subject of industrial mobilization. For example how Ford focused on building tanks (I think that's the history, could be wrong) over cars. However ideally the book isn't too ideological. Ideally just historical. Often when I come across this topic whoever is talking about it is trying to sell another type of government policy. That’s what I’m trying to avoid. I just want the history, the good, the bad and the ugly. Or at the very least two books representing opposing ideologies. A book on the subject within the fields of economic history would work too. Something that delves deep in the congressional history and policies developed would be wonderful as well. Either or, whatever comes to mind. Maybe what I’m looking for is not published yet, however I’d think this history would be covered in depth quite a bit. Thanks in advance.

Edit: Sorry for the post name, was originally going to write "question" but meant to replace that with "request", hit enter too soon.

2 Answers 2018-06-28

How in the fuck did the holocaust happen?

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1 Answers 2018-06-28

Disney's "Moana" (2016) depicts the inhabitants of Motunui as almost singularly dependent on the coconut palm. Is this accurate to the agricultural practices of prehistorical Polynesia?

We weave our nets from the fibers

The water is sweet inside

We use the leaves to build fires

We cook up the meat inside

Now, my title might not be 100% fair to the film, as we are clearly shown workers digging gardens of some kind (probably, given what I know of Polynesia, for sweet potatoes) and even in the song that says "We use each part of the coconut / That's all we need" they refer (as I showed above) to cooking meat, probably pork (given what I know about Polynesia - and also the surprisingly dark running gags about eating poor Pua).

Still, though, the coconut palm is obviously crucial to their existence, so I was wondering if any real Polynesian culture utilized it to such a great extent. It should be noted that Moana's intention to accurately depict ancient Polynesia is about as strong as Tolkien's was to depict medieval England, so creative liberties are expected, but still.

1 Answers 2018-06-28

The Franco-Ottoman Capitulations of 1604 refer to Sultan Ahmed I as "Sultan and Emperor of the Turks", was it normal for official correspondence to refer to the Ottoman Sovereigns as rulers of an ethnic group instead of an Empire?

Here is the capitulation in question, in French obviously.

In a broader sense I'm interested in what people actually called states in the past, only a few days ago I learned the Mamluk Sultanate is a contemporary label in the same vein as the Byzantine Empire, and was simply known as the Realm of the Turks during it's existence.

1 Answers 2018-06-28

The Suez Crisis pitted the US and USSR against Britain, France, and Israel in the midst of the Cold War; how did the two superpowers wind up aligned against what are three of the US's traditionally closest allies? What were the long-term ramifications?

1 Answers 2018-06-28

What were ethnic relations like for Germans and Poles (or Lithuanians) during the German Empire?

1 Answers 2018-06-28

Did the majority (or any?) Of historic battles actually begin with a long speech as they do in movies? Or did the two armies just immediately begin to fight as soon as they saw each other?

I really enjoy watching movies and shows based in the middle ages and other past time periods. I've noticed that every time there is a battle, the person commanding their forces give some encouraging speech. Did that really ever happen in real life? I feel like that would leave an opportunity of vulnerability for the other side to plan some attack rather than they wait in good faith. Could obviously be wrong though so I figured I would ask you alls opinion.

1 Answers 2018-06-28

What did preindustrial societies think fossils were

Did they think they were dragons or sea serpents? Is their any record of someone with a “dragon” skull that turned put to be a dinosaur?

1 Answers 2018-06-28

To what extent was the Edict of Milan a genuine attempt at creating a religiously tolerant state, versus being the first step towards a Christian empire?

1 Answers 2018-06-28

How to refute a holocaust denier

Recently I found myself in a discussion with a friend about holocaust minimalisation. I don't believe he was being entirely earnest but he still suggested that a 'Red Cross' report showed that only 200,000 people died. Obviously this claim is offensive, stupid and disgusting to most people; but considering I have a passion for archival research I told him I would find evidence to refute him regardless. Which leads me here: how do I find some archival evidence to support the fact that so many died during the holocaust? Are there archives that exist? I don't really know the German archives (or the language) but I do know that there are obvious limitations doing this research because of how many records were probably destroyed. Best case scenario is where i get some strong primary evidence from a reputable institution that shows the scale people claim today is accurate. Any and all help appreciated.

9 Answers 2018-06-28

Recommendations for books on the formation and unification of Germany

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1 Answers 2018-06-28

Does a rebuke of the ‘great man history ‘ sometimes lead to predeterminism

Like events COULD NOT have happened any other way. So no ones at fault for historical atrocities

1 Answers 2018-06-27

Witnessing The Bombing Of Hiroshima And Nagasaki As An American

Did anybody, or could anybody, in the American army have seen the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki? As in, was there a battle on an island or islands close to Japan where the explosions were visible? If not that, then how? I know that there were American POWs in Japan, but exactly where, I'm not sure. And please don't turn this into a moral argument!

1 Answers 2018-06-27

Plague doctors kept fragrances in the nose of their mask, what was the point of this?

Did it have anything with that evil air belief back then?

1 Answers 2018-06-27

Neil Young claims that his song "Cortez the Killer" (released in 1975) was banned in Spain under Francisco Franco. Is this true? Did Spain under Franco ban or censor certain foreign music?

1 Answers 2018-06-27

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