I recently became interested in Viking history wondering what the state if Viking literacy was pre 12th century? I am most curious about whether or not women were allowed to learn to write.

1 Answers 2022-12-09

Why didn't the Indonesians settle Australia?

Considering the relative proximity to the heavily populated Indonesian islands such as East Timor, I'm surprised how the Australian continent could be practically unexplored by the Indonesians.

1 Answers 2022-12-08

Is Josephine Tey's "The Daughter of Time" a good display of the historian's research process?

Ignoring the debate over Richard III's guilt or innocence of the princes in the tower, is The Daughter of Time a good "representation" of how researching historian's tackle primary source material and make sense of history?

The book has been recommended to me to read as a historical mystery which is basically a "here's how historians do research" with a detective, but the person who recommended it has no experience in history/historical research and I don't want to come away from the book with completely the wrong idea about what historian's aim to do in the real world and how historical research is done. Reading a book that has a dramatised version of such things isn't a bother, but it's something that I would like to know has been dramatised, or if it is actually quite accurate.

Any insight would be brilliant, thank you!

1 Answers 2022-12-08

Would the founding fathers of the United States have understood the phrase “bear arms” as referring to military service?

In the 2008 Supreme Court opinion DC v. Heller, Justice John Paul Stevens writes a dissenting opinion where he claims the Second Amendment of the US Constitution was limited to protecting the right of the states to maintain state militias.

In support of this argument, he claims the founding fathers would have understood the phrase “bear arms” to be referring to military service:

The term “bear arms” is a familiar idiom; when used unadorned by any additional words, its meaning is “to serve as a soldier, do military service, fight.” 1 Oxford English Dictionary 634 (2d ed. 1989)

He goes on to cite a few sources using the term in that context in footnote 9 of his opinion.

I know Supreme Court Justices are sometimes called out for using bad history takes to support their opinions. I was just curious, is Justice Stevens right? When the founding fathers were drafting the Constitution, would they have thought the phrase “bear arms” simply meant to perform military service?

1 Answers 2022-12-08

What sources discuss the invention of new "Lycurgan" Spartan laws?

I've read elsewhere on this forum that some historians believe that the ancient Spartans often sincerely attributed laws of recent origin to Lycurgus. Even though these new laws post-dated Lycurgus himself by a considerable margin.

Is that the case? And if so: Are there any good academic sources on this phenomenon?

Thanks!

1 Answers 2022-12-08

Voynich Manuscript AMA

Hi everyone! I'm Dr Keagan Brewer from Macquarie University (in Sydney, Australia). I've been working on the Voynich manuscript for some time with my co-researcher Michelle Lewis, and I recently attended the online conference on it hosted at the University of Malta. The VMS is a 15th-century illustrated manuscript written in a code and covered in illustrations of naked women. It has been called 'the most mysterious manuscript in the world'. AMA about the Voynich manuscript!

EDIT: It's 11:06am in Sydney. I'm going to take a short break and be back to answer more questions, so keep 'em coming!

EDIT 2: It's 11:45am and I'm back!

EDIT 3: It's time to wrap this up! It's been fun. Thanks to all of you for your comments and to the team at AskHistorians for providing such a wonderful forum for public discussion and knowledge transfer. Keagan and Michelle will soon be publishing an article in a top journal which lays out our thoughts on the manuscript and identifies the correct reading of the Voynich Rosettes. We hope our identification will narrow research on the manuscript considerably. Keep an eye out for it!

91 Answers 2022-12-08

Is there any evidence for the existence of historical Jesus?

My understanding is that none of the Gospels were contemporary with the alleged man, and that the next most contemporary chronicler was Flavius Josephus (whose position later in life would appear to make anything he wrote highly suspect).

Are there any direct records or sources that are considered historically reliable to confirm the existence of Jesus as an actual person, rather than a mythic figure?

1 Answers 2022-12-08

What would happen if I wanted family documents from a historical society?

This is 100% curiosity, as I know the documents are incredibly well cared for where they are, but...

I recently found some old family wills from the 1500s at the local historical society in England near where my ancestors are from. The historical society has been awesome to work with and in no time I was able to order and received very high quality scans of the documents that Im having printed and framed, I really cant say enough good things about them!

However, it made me curious... what if I, as a direct decendant, wanted those items myself? What would happen if someone went asking for their family items from a place like this?

This may be a dumb question, but it was just a random thought I couldn't find an answer to in Google.

1 Answers 2022-12-08

Are there any in-depth examples of when oral tradition has corroborated 'traditionally-found' historical evidence?

In philosophy class, I recently heard about how anthropologists have begun looking to indigenous societies' oral histories/tales as a form of historical evidence. Our lecturer told us that this approach, traditionally overlooked by (Western) historians, has proven to be very accurate.

However, no specific examples were shared, and all I could find online was this Reddit comment about how Indonesian spoken genealogies were found to exactly match colonial Dutch records. Are there any further concrete examples of how the results of oral tradition has matched up with other historical methods? I intend to discuss the topic in an upcoming essay, but am having trouble finding a detailed instance of this happening (though I'm sure this is frequent).

3 Answers 2022-12-08

Is Seeing Like a State considered good history?

I've been reading it lately and its really fascinating, but I was wondering if it is considered a good study or if I should be wary of its claims.

1 Answers 2022-12-08

Why did the early Muslims invade Iberia instead of continuing through Anatolia and invading the Balkans like the Ottomans?

I understand the Byzantine fleet was a major part of that but what made it so much easier to cross over the straits of Gibraltar and fight in Iberia instead of doing something similar or building a fleet in the Turkish straits to take Greece and Thrace?

1 Answers 2022-12-08

Why is Edward Gibbons wrong about the fall of Rome?

Whenever discussions on the fall of Rome are held, and the word "Christianity" is mentioned; it's as if people go into a rabid frenzy and start screaming about how you shouldn't touch Gibbons with a 10-foot pole if you know what's best for you. "Modern historical consensus is that he was wrong" is something I read a lot... yet it ends there? No one ever explains what exactly he was wrong about, and how. Why is Gibbons wrong?

1 Answers 2022-12-08

Is it a fringe theory to assume Jesus was influenced by Buddhism?

I've come across this "theory" from Alan Watts and other New Age type people so I wonder about the historicity of it, basically Iesus Christus was to Judaism what Siddharta Gautama was to Hinduism, they both shared some core values and theres even some parallels like Mara distracting Buddha under the Bodhi tree vs Jesus meditating 40 days and 40 nights in the desert when the devil tempts him, etc.

Is there any linguistical/anthropological/historical actual evidence for this supposed influence and how confident would it be sensical to be about some influence at all? The only evidence I know of is circumstantial, mostly about how jesus supposedly went east to study and how buddhism was read in Jerusalem at the time, and the fact Jesus was literate while a carpenter somehow being thrown in there too.

Usually the idea of Jesus "real message" being dualistic-monism or actual non-dualism is sometimes mentioned too when I have read people discuss this, is there any base for this? Alan Watts said once how in a translation of the bible the text was changed from "I am A son of god" to "I am THE son of god" as an example of how the originally-similar-to-buddhism message was deliberately hidden by orthodoxy

Edit: Im glad to see my post created a lot of well intentioned discourse! I am not very active in reddit so im sorry if i couldnt respond or can't respond to people but thanks for all the very interesting replies! Exactly what I expected from this quesiton and even more!

Edit 2: I will link the quote from alan watts about the alleged deliberate misinterpretation of the gospel by orthodoxy, sorry for the cringe edit but its the best one i could find haha, it also proves that at least some people take this and other comments by alan watts that the message of the bible is talking about a "unified theory of religion" of sorts and that jesus was enlightened, you know like how new age people say all religions are the exact same etc

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aGiCalZ1OGo

3 Answers 2022-12-08

What was Darwin's view of race?

While many racists, nazis, facists, and eugenisists claimed influence from Darwin via the concept of "social darwinism", I know he himswlf never contributed to social darwinism. So I was wondering what where Darwin actual views of race, racism and slavery?

1 Answers 2022-12-08

How much did the American public know about the Manhattan Project? Did they support it?

I was wondering if American people knew about the project prior to the detonation of the bombs in Japan. If they knew about it, did they properly understand what was being done? Did they support it? Thanks.

1 Answers 2022-12-08

Thursday Reading & Recommendations | December 08, 2022

Previous weeks!

Thursday Reading and Recommendations is intended as bookish free-for-all, for the discussion and recommendation of all books historical, or tangentially so. Suggested topics include, but are by no means limited to:

  • Asking for book recommendations on specific topics or periods of history
  • Newly published books and articles you're dying to read
  • Recent book releases, old book reviews, reading recommendations, or just talking about what you're reading now
  • Historiographical discussions, debates, and disputes
  • ...And so on!

Regular participants in the Thursday threads should just keep doing what they've been doing; newcomers should take notice that this thread is meant for open discussion of history and books, not just anything you like -- we'll have a thread on Friday for that, as usual.

6 Answers 2022-12-08

How were the standards of living of the ussr during the reign of stalin?

Some media that i see tells me that they decayed around the time of the first five year plan (around the time of the famine, coincidentally)

While i found some other media like this one that says that they increased constantly.

So what should i really belive?

1 Answers 2022-12-08

Why do you we say "a double edge sword" as if it was an exception? When did this expression originate? Was it common to only sharpen one side of the blade?

1 Answers 2022-12-08

What were common Achaemenid names?

What were the common names inside the Iranian populations of the Achaemenid empire. Were names like Cyrus,Darius and Xerxes common names that one could find inside the iranians of the empire. Did different Iranian groups have different sets of names, like would people named darius only be persians?

1 Answers 2022-12-08

Did Japanese forces EVER fight alongside US forces in World War I?

My knowledge of the Japanese involvement in WWI is minimal but I know they were mostly a diplomatic ally rather than a provision of force for the West. I want to know if Japanese and American soldiers ever fought in the trenches side by side during this war?

1 Answers 2022-12-08

What was the reasonably useful military strength of Austria and Czechoslovakia had they chosen to resist Hitler´s annexation?

I am assuming that Hitler does not have Czechoslovakia before taking Austria and he also does not have Austria before attacking Czechoslovakia.

And let´s also assume that other powers don´t immediately intervene like France or Poland or Italy.

I have heard from other historians like Indy Neidell that Czechoslovakia and France alone had the military power to resist Hitler had they done so before he took the Sudetenland, and that invading Austria would have been difficult in extremis helped by the incredibly mountainous terrain.

How accurate are these claims? Were their armies in reasonably good shape, competently led, large, with manpower reserves, and enough of an industrial base? And what were Germany´s capabilities in 1938?

1 Answers 2022-12-08

Are there any historical evidence of two lost tribes that resembles the biblical story of Gog and Magog?

1 Answers 2022-12-08

Please, can you help me understand how did the Kentler Experiment even happened?

Learning about this shocked me to my fucking core

A friend told me about it the other day, and I couldn't believe it. They just gave children to pedophiles, with the express purpose of those pedophiles raping them... How? How can anyone convince anyone else this is a good idea? With all the power of my intellect I am not capable to imagine a scenario that would lead to this result. Even if every single person in the German government was evil, shouldn't the public have stopped it? Because it wasn't even a secret

Please, I need to understand

1 Answers 2022-12-08

How accurate are the allegations that the US backed the coup against Prime Minister Sihanouk of Cambodia and installed Lon Nol, which was a major turning point that led to the rise of the Khmer Rouge?

My dad is a survivor of Pol Pot’s genocidal regime, and I’m writing his story. I read a lot of conflicting reports that the US did/didn’t contribute to inciting the coup, but these are all from western sources. But it’s no secret that Nixon was already a shady man that had already unlawfully carpet-bombed neutral Cambodia a few years prior.

Where is the best place to learn an unbiased account of what was going on with the major world superpowers surrounding the time of the Cambodian civil war (China, the Soviet Union, the US)?

1 Answers 2022-12-08

Did the US event race (and racism)?

I've heard that race was created in order to justify chattel slavery I'm the US. Is this true?

1 Answers 2022-12-08

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