From the 5th through 1st centuries BC — 400 years — Rome was at war roughly 90% of the time. 10 to 30% of its adult male population was enlisted in the armed forces. Did other cultures commit so much of their population to war for such long periods? How unique was the Roman war machine?

1 Answers 2022-02-23

Were Protestants of Jewish ancestry persecuted by the Nazi regime?

I'm reading a biography of Karl Marx and it says his father Heinrich converted from Judaism to Protestantism for career purposes in 1818 and all of his children (including Karl) were baptized. Apparently this was a fairly common practice of the times for Jewish professionals. Would the descendants of Protestant converts later be persecuted by the Nazi regime?

1 Answers 2022-02-23

Why are virtually no country flags purple?

I know this is a history subreddit but flags are an important part of history imo. Qatar has a burgundyish color and Sri Lanka has a maroon bit but I’d argue that is more red than purple. Was it an unattractive color to people? It’s one of the three secondary (subtractive) colors and you see plenty of orange and green but no eggplant purple. The only country flag I can think of with significant purple is the flag of The Second Spanish Republic which is no longer used to my knowledge (except by Hispanophiles like me) . To be clear, I’m referring to a general color theme, not minor details of a flag such as a small section of a country seal present on a flag.

1 Answers 2022-02-23

Did the Roman pleb have last names? What were common pleb names and last names during the Empire period?

1 Answers 2022-02-23

Why was Harald III Hardråde not reinterred into the Nidaros Cathedral?

Follow up: Why have so few of the Norwegian Kings been excavated? We know where many of the graves are located.

1 Answers 2022-02-23

To what extent did the US government know the damage nuclear weapons could do before using them in Japan in 1945?

As the title says. Before dropping the bomb. How well understood was the damage the bomb could cause?

1 Answers 2022-02-23

Book recommendations: American war of independence?

Hi all,

I've recently been watching [Al Murray's why do the Brits win every war] (https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=Gwupc1hN6LQ&feature=emb_title) and the most recent episode I watched covered the war of independence. In it he states he learnt nothing about it in school, and I got to thinking to the best of my knowledge never did I. Obviously I've picked up the odd bits here and there from things such as TV shows but I'm pretty aware that popular culture is hardly the best way to learn about history.

So to educate my ignorant arse I'd like a good, modern and accurate (no mythology) book that covers the lead up start and causes and then the rest of it. I did check out the recommended books and while American Revolutions: A Continental History, 1750-1804 seemed to fit the bill its bit lengthy at about 700 pages. Is there a book you can recommend that's a bit less lengthy and aimed at someone less familiar with American history like myself?

1 Answers 2022-02-23

Hello! I’m a Roman and I just signed up for service in the Republican legions. I was told that upon completing my service I’d be given a plot of land. What are the logistics of this? Do I get some start up cash? Will it be a new community from the ground up?

1 Answers 2022-02-23

Can Someone With A B.A. In History Get A Work Published?

Hello all, can somebody with just a Bachelor's in History get one of their research works published, or will their work be disregard because they don't have a terminal degree?

1 Answers 2022-02-23

Did the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms know that the Romans occupied England?

In the second line of "The Ruin," the poet declares the crumbling remains (presumably the Bath of Sulis at Bath) to be "the work of giants."

Anyone interested in Britain during Late Antiquity has often heard this language used for the Roman inhabitants, but I wonder just how accurate this sentiment was if not for just a neat poetic device. After invading the Isles following the Roman withdrawal, did the established Anglo-Saxon kingdoms really begin to believe that the ruins were the works of giants?

My thinking is that there would still be a general consensus that the Romans had been there and left the buildings as they were, but I would love to hear your thoughts!

2 Answers 2022-02-23

If the WW1 German Zimmerman plan had successfully convinced Japan and Mexico to turn on the USA could Japan have feasibly invaded?

Since Japan couldn't invade in 1941 what threat could they realistically have posed in 1917?

1 Answers 2022-02-23

I’m Chris Kempshall: a historian of First World War allied relations, historical computer games, and Star Wars - AMA!

Hello r/AskHistorians!

I'm Dr Chris Kempshall and am extremely excited to be doing this! I've got a bit of an eclectic background in historical research.

I'm predominantly a historian of the First World War with a particular focus on allied relations, a topic that I covered in my 2018 book British, French, and American Relations on the Western Front, 1914-1918

Alongside this I also have an ongoing research interest in the portrayal of war, conflict, and history in computer games. This was the topic of my 2015 book The First World War in Computer Games.

Both my 'normal' First World War history background and my interest in modern media portrayals of warfare led to my other research area which focuses on the Star Wars franchise. Later this year my new book The History and Politics of Star Wars: Death Stars and Democracy will be published by Routledge and is now available for pre-order (the cover will change)! It examines the real-world events and inspirations behind plot lines in the films, books, comics, and computer games of the franchise.

My work on Star Wars also granted me the opportunity to contribute directly to material in the franchise when I helped co-write the DK book Star Wars: Battles that Changed the Galaxy

If anyone wants to check out a bit more of my work on either the First World War or computer games then I've arranged to have the following academic articles made freely accessible for the next week or so, meaning anyone can download and read them for free!

Pixel Lions – the image of the soldier in First World War computer games

Beyond ‘Parade Ground Soldiers’: French Army Assessments of the British in 1918

War collaborators: documentary and historical sources in First World War computer games

I've also contributed various articles to the 1914-1918 Online - International Encyclopedia of the First World War (which is an amazing and free source of academic expertise on the war).

For the podcast fans in the audience I'm also a co-presenter on Oh! What a Lovely Podcast which examines the pop culture portrayals of the First World War.

I'm also an editor on the 'Video Games and the Humanities' book series published by De Gruyter, so take a look there for some other amazing work on games!

I'm currently working at the University of Exeter on a research project called 'War Ephemera' to highlight ephemera and material relating to the First World War owned by marginalised communities.

I'm also helping to advise the Imperial War Museum on a forthcoming exhibition relating to the portrayal of war in computer games.

So if any of the above topics have taken your fancy: Ask Me Anything! I'll start answering questions at about 4pm GMT (1 hour after this post has gone live)!

As a final additional point, the reason this AMA is taking place on Wednesday 23rd February, is to fit it in around ongoing strike action within UK universities. I suspect a good number of the residents and contributors on r/AskHistorians reside within these universities and, like myself, are clinging on with our fingernails to jobs we love that are rapidly becoming untenable. If you enjoy this AMA today please also read up on what's happening regarding the strike action here.

So the time on my PC is 7:09 pm and I'm going to stop for now! I think I've caught up on most of the comments, but I'll check back in either later this evening or tomorrow to see what I've missed. Thanks everyone who came along and feel free to keep the chats going in comments etc!

85 Answers 2022-02-23

Short Answers to Simple Questions | February 23, 2022

Previous weeks!

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  • The only rule being relaxed here is with regard to depth, insofar as the anticipated questions are ones which do not require it. All other rules of the subreddit are in force.

34 Answers 2022-02-23

Where can I find some good primary sources on American history when I am not from the U.S.?

Hello historians!

I hope this question does not count as a “homework” because I believe it is not.

I am currently writing my Bachelor work, the subject is American history, specifically the Internment of Japanese Americans during the WW2.

I’ve been trying to find as many sources as possible but the best I got was the San Francisco museum archives, which is incredible for my work but I still need more.

Finding the sources is a bit difficult considering some of the sources have regional protection. So if you are aware of anything that might help me with this I’d be incredibly grateful. I understand working with primary sources is a bit harder, but I will gladly accept good secondary sources as well.

Thank you for your time and have a nice day!

2 Answers 2022-02-23

Why do ancient Greeks always wear summer clothes?

I live in Greece but I have never seen any ancient Greek statues or depictions were the portrayed person wears warm clothes for winter.

2 Answers 2022-02-23

What makes 20th century dictators special?

There have always been tyrants and despots, but there is something fascinating about 20th century dictators. Mao Zedong, Pol Pot, Hitler, Saddam Hussein, Pinochet, Gaddafi, Khomenei, Idi Amin, all those guys.

A lot of them come from absolutely nowhere and can represent the greatest evil that is hidden within humanity. A lot of them have funny ideologies, some of them just fight for themselves, they really are a diverse group of the same rotten apples.

With the 20th century came more freedom for the average nobody and a greater ability for some random dude to acquire power over a country and carve his name into the book of history. We could see a LOT of these people pop up and many of them were alive at the same time as each other.

Surely there is still a lot more to the equation than that. How is it that so many tyrants managed to acquire power in the same century and what exactly made their rule different to dictators before the 20th century?

1 Answers 2022-02-23

Perhaps this might be too vague, but I'm really confused about post-Emperor Napoleon French society. How on Earth did France return to a monarchy throughout a large section of the 19th century even after the French Revolution? Were these monarchies different from pre-Revolution ones?

1 Answers 2022-02-23

When the first nuclear test was conducted, how accurate were the predictions of how large the explosion would be?

Since the technology behind the atomic bomb was new, and never tested in action (at least in full scale?), did the physicist correctly estimate what kind of explosion it would result in? Or was everything at best in an "educated guess" level and no one really knew? Did they knowingly take the risk of the explosion being much larger than anticipated like this: "okay we have this massive bomb.. we do not know how big the bang will be... but it should be nice way to destroy our enemies, lets test it even though it might destroy the planet"? Or were they 100% sure based on the basic laws of physics, that there will not be a catastrophic disaster affecting the whole planet for example?

I am aware that the effects of radiation were not properly understood (people located way too close to the blast) but I am asking especially about the blast itself and the instant effects.

1 Answers 2022-02-23

Were Medieval Wild Men the equivalent of todays' Uncontacted Tribes?

I've been reading "Dagobert, roi des Francs" by Maurice Bouvier-Ajam, and I've been pretty intrigued about his mentions of the medieval "Wild Men" communities, who lived in the Old Forests of Merovingian Francia, were barely evangelized and had "prehistoric" (author's words) customs and technologies.

This made me think of the uncontacted indigenous tribes of the Amazon, who live away from westernized civilization and keep to their own customs.

Deforestation in Western Europe wasn't as rampant in Late Antique times, and Wild Men were known to live in those Ancient Forests; this is not dissimilar to the pristine parts of the Amazon where uncontacted tribes do still live.

Am I too far off in thinking these Wild Men were Europe's equivalent of Uncontacted Tribes? Or are they only a mythological concept? Are there any noteworthy books describing their cultures?

1 Answers 2022-02-23

In the show “Yellowstone,” the Indian character, Angela says if she could go back in time she “would tell our people to sell every horse and weapon, hire the best lawyers, and purchase their land back.” Would this have actually been possible?

For context, her character is lamenting the loss of Native American land and their forced removal onto reservations.

The full quote is: “I wish I could go back in time and tell our people to sell every weapon they had. Every horse. Then take that money and go to New York and hire the biggest law firm in the city. If I could do that, we wouldn’t be standing here.”

I know this isn’t a probable scenario, but would this have even been possible? Say the remaining native tribes and their chiefs managed to band together to actually sell everything they had. Would it have been enough to purchase back their land? Would this be something the US government would’ve allowed to happen? Would any lawyer in the country actually take them? Even if this managed to work, would it remain in tact to the present day?

Thanks!

1 Answers 2022-02-23

Why did nobody believe the witnesses of Titanic breaking?

When the sinking of the Titanic happened, several survivors said they saw the ship break. One passenger, Jack Thayer, even doodled what he witnessed, https://i.imgur.com/zUqhSJD.png

I have heard that those passengers weren't believed. I don't exactly have a source on that, but I heard it growing up from parents and teachers. Either way, it does seem true considering everywhere from the 1950's movies like A Night To Remember to later 70's movies like Raise The Titanic, they all portray the ship having gone down in one piece.

It wasn't until 1985 when Robert Ballard actually found the ship that people accepted Titanic did actually break.

Why is that?

If it happened, clearly at least most of the survivors, crew and passengers alike, had to be aware of it. Why was that claim initially disregarded?

1 Answers 2022-02-23

Did anyone else in Vincent Van Gogh's family also have artistic ability?

1 Answers 2022-02-23

Do we know of any crazy medieval parties that were held to celebrate 11/11/1111?

1 Answers 2022-02-23

Why is Confederate General James Longstreet so reviled by Lost Causers?

I've been in several debates with Lost Causer types of people and they seem to have a huge disdain for Longstreet. I have heard he turned a new leaf after the war but there has to be specifics I don't know about. What did he do to cause such a furor?

1 Answers 2022-02-23

The movie The Last Duel shows that 14th century France believes conception can only be achieved with both parties experiencing pleasure, i.e rape cannot result in pregnancies. To what extent was this perception believed in France and elsewhere?

1 Answers 2022-02-23

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