Good Evening/Afternoon or Morning

I'm preparing for a seminar at university on "Terror in Ireland 1919-1923" While doing my readings I've been presented with the argument of Peter Hart who claims that Cork's Protestant population fell by around 40% during the period of 1911-1926 with a disproportionate percentage of that drop in the years of 1920-1922.

Hart calls this "ethnic cleansing" and lists nine counties throughout Ireland he claims this takes place, including County Cork. He also positions the IRA as acting as the vanguard of some sort of imagined community, and places their actions against spies and informers as part of a wider campaign of intimidation and terrorising against the Protestant population of Cork.

My question then is this; Did the IRA regularly employ sectarian rhetoric in it's propaganda and literature ect. And if so was this ever followed through upon with specific events targeting Protestants based on their sect?

Thank you

Movies like The Magnificent Seven and For A Few Dollars More show large criminal gangs attacking towns and ambushing trains and stage coaches, with law and order essentially left in the hands of mercenaries and bounty hunters. I assume that's all a massive exaggeration for narrative purposes, but does the trope have any basis in events?

Just to be clear, I'm asking about the hobby of tabletop war gaming with miniatures, not war games as in the training exercises that modern militaries engage.

I have two areas of interest that I'm hoping someone can shed light on.

Primarily I would like to know if there is evidence for any war games existing prior to modern times. It occurred to me (while buying some miniatures to use playing Crossfire) that games may have existed historically that are similar to the tabletop wargaming we have today. It would, after all, just require a set of rules and some miniatures or tokens. However, I have not had luck finding any indication that such games existed. Is there any evidence for historical war gaming? If so, then what do we know about those games and how they were played?

Second, were Go and Chess considered to be representative of military conflict?

I have read claims that the games of Chess and Go were both created to reflect warfare and that they were even considered useful teaching aids for military commanders. I'm not sure if there is good evidence for either of those points though. And, I'm especially skeptical of of the idea that military officers could apply much of that gaming experience to actual combat considering how abstract both games are. So, if there is no evidence of less stylized games, then is there any good evidence for Chess and Go being treated as combat simulations or useful training aids?

What would be some of the strategic or financial reasons to invest in a colony here? What kind of goods were sought after back home?

What would some of my exports be and how self sufficient could my colony be? How often did a trade ship come by and what were they trading for?

What would happen if my countries enemies showed up with a fleet how would I send a message for help? And why would people choose to stay there?

I've been reading up on the Napoleonic era and I've found some conflicting information. One source says that he was fired on the spot at the battle of Wagram by the Emperor for leading his fleeing men and the other says that he handed in his resignation after his Saxon division had been slaughtered. Both of these stories sound believable, but only one can be the truth.

Did they end up joining aristocracy of the other countries of Europe? Did they head to the new world? Fade away?

(I'll admit to watching Downtown Abbey which includes some Russian escapees as a plotline, it got me thinking!)

I hope this is the right place to ask this question. It seems as though we never hear about ships from that time period still being sailed or at least stored and cared for.

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How did they train generals for the day that a war might come, were they a part of the army despite there being no war?

How about the 97% percent of the union army during the civil war, was it lead by professional generals, if so who trained them and paid for them before the war? What about the majors sergants and so on, how where the ranks assigned if there was no standing army in which to advance in rank?

I remember reading somewhere in that time people were expecting apocalypses because of all the bad thing that was going around them in places like Egypt, mass raiding, mass slavery etc.. so looking for an an escape people started practicing ritiauals and John the baptist went around with h is follower Jesus preaching people his form of Judaism which Jesus later picked up.

I've not been able to find any serious discussion of how heavily Rome depended, at any date, on new imports of slave labour. Conditions in mining especially seem to have been bad enough that constant replacement would have been needed.

So I know that Medieval times were not era of stagnation, the infamous "Dark Ages" but how big was exactly technological advancement in that time period?
Comparing V to XV century for example.

It's my understanding that despite his astonishing successes against Roman forces, Hannibal was kept from doing any real lasting damage, or even taking Rome, by a marked lack of support and supplies from Carthage. Why didn't the Carthaginians, seeing Hannibal steamroll through Italy, jump at their chance to take down their rival?

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And did Zoroastrians tolerate Greek polytheism?

Seriously, the question exactly as it is in the title. Are there any scientific or philosophical texts or anything that explain ancient and medieval people's thoughts on this matter?

I have a Jewish friend who has mentioned that "in the past," Easter was used as a time for Christians to persecute Jews, for their role in killing Jesus. I know that a lot of tragedies occurred, and "the Jews in Europe" can't be treated as a monolithic group, but as someone wanting to learn more about this history:

1. Was this a widespread occurrence or was it limited to a few places / time periods
2. Did it occur on many holy days (e.g. ash wednesday, christmas, etc.,) or was it specific to Easter?
3. Was there any element of "identifying" who was a Jew and who was Christian -- for example, was the Ash Wednesday practice of wearing ashes on one's forehead ever used to identify Jewish people?