If not, which ones were the exception?

I know a prophet was mentioned in the Quran to be given a name no one had before. However, I havent been able to find anything on whether Muhammad was a name before the Prophet.

Were there any maps that had the South Pole at the top, or oriented in any other direction?

Suppose I'm a young lady in Germany who can prove her Aryan ancestry, and so can my boyfriend. He gets me pregnant. What sort of help can I get from Lebensborn? How common is assistance to unwed mothers of "pure blood?"

Now the war is over. What happens to Lebensborn assistance? Is it transferred to other state assistance, or is the young family left high and dry?

I've seen little about Lebensborn homes except the images and very basic information. How can I learn more in depth about what it entailed?

Time period - around 1600, give or take a hundred years Region - Mainland Europe and England

I'm currently working through my history degree with the hope of doing archaeology, and I've always been fascinated by places like Doggerland and Hy Brasil. Is there any technology in place that would allow you to excavate without destroying vital artefacts?

To clarify further: Were they terrorists by conventional and modern definition?

Full disclosure: I'm writing a paper for a research seminar and would love some additional sources and information from someone more well read in the subjects of terrorism and the American Revolution.

Edit: Thanks to /u/XenophonTheAthenian

Plato was, but Xenophon was not. At Plato's Trial. So this question is kind of moot, but the information about Xenophon thanks to XenophonTheAthenian is somewhat useful.

I don't know if this belongs on askphilosophy, or askhistorians.

Is Plato's dialogue, or at least Plato himself well known to not make things up and ask present witness' what occurred? Or is his work more like Plutarch and/or Thucydides. Where if they didn't know something, they just inserted a story?

I'm wondering if Socrate's defense can be given any merit, or if his called out accusers can be given any merit?

It's common knowledge that between the Americans and the Europeans, the Americans definitely took the worst of disease and plague, which resulted in a loss of life comparable to very few pandemics in human history. But what about the diseases indigenous to the Americas that Europeans had contracted, and even brought back to Europe?

Had European medicine and knowledge from previous plagues curtailed any potential devastating loss of life, or had there simply been no diseases that could have affected them in the same way the Americans had been affected, leaving the Europeans quite lucky in this exchange of unknowns?

This question is directed at the studies arguing that modern Anatolian population is derived mainly from the culturally assimilated indigenous populations and that the contribution of the Turkic peoples is very low.

Do you agree with Hobsbawm's conclusion? What do historians argue about the significance of the American and French revolutions on later revolutionary movements?

Did Darius underestimate Alexander or was he not able to attend?

There was a comment on askreddit thread that signing the phrase "heil hitler" at end of each document led to the fall of Germany as it was used to cryptanalyse Enigma. Was breaking the code of Enigma really that crucial in WW2 or is it just a popular notion with little accuracy owing to the popularity of Alan Turing?

It's a thing that comes up a lot in literature, but I never found an explanation of how that process worked. As far as I know, the priests involved had 'real world knowledge' such as of places suited for settlement, therefore they didn't just derive their answers from religious rituals.

Note : This question was answered several times before, but it still remains with no definitive answers.

I understand that the British, French, and Spanish had good, large navies with warships fighting each other throughout most of the islands like Jamaica, Cuba, and Saint Domingue. As England, Spain, and France were countries that faced the Atlantic Ocean, of course they decided to try colonize the West Indies, but Portugal and The Netherlands also face towards the ocean, so why didn't they depart their navy's ships from their homeland all the way to the West Indies? (unless they had good sized navies). I'm also asking because I found out that the Dutch and British allied their navies together in order to fight in places around the Europe's Atlantic coastline (like Spain for example) would they have also tried to do the same thing in the West Indies?

The Angles and the Saxons came over in the mid 500s, mostly from Jutland. 250 years later, the Viking raiders came from the same location roughly. Was this evident to any contemporaneous accounts?

Also could anyone recommend me some books about this topic?

The fact that USA feared the Sovjet Union (or at least saw it as a big threat) was always given to me as an fact during history class at school. But what was it that made the USA feel so threatened by the Sovjet Union that they started an arms race and made them hate everything that looked like communism?

Also can someone explain the status or even nationality of Bosnian Muslims that now call themselves 'Bosniaks'. In every name for things in the former Yugoslavia it looks like every ethnicity was included except Bosnians (e.g. Serbo-Croatian language, and then the name of their country, Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes).

Recently they came up with the term ‘Bosniak’ to refer to Muslim South Slavs that speak Serbo-Croatian, but before this from what I understand their ethnicity was literally ‘Muslim’, even though in the rest of the world Muslim is just a religion. I’ve read several times that Serbs, Croats and Bosniaks are the same people but created different national identities due to religious differences. Is this true, or is this just nationalistic talk with no foundation in reality? If it’s true, why isn’t there just one ethnicity where they follow different religions? The neighbouring Albanians have no problems being one ethnic group where people follow different religions (Islam, Catholism, Orthodox Christianity, etc). What ethnicity or nationality were Bosniaks prior to becoming Muslim and identifying as 'ethnic Muslims'?