latin, gaulish, ect?

I was unable to find any information whether WWII tanks (especially those used in North Africa) had air conditioning or not. Likely there was some kind of a ventilation to get rid of the fumes, but how effective it was in lowering the temperature inside? Are there any known cases of tank crews fainting from the heat?

I often here that human beings evolved in east Africa and that the populations there are some of the most genetically diverse. Why then, as late as the 1800's, were sub-Saharan societies still relatively primitive compared to their European, middle eastern, and Asian counterparts?

I have been curious about the process of building ships in the late 18th / early 19th century.

Would different types of ships been built with very different techniques/technology/materials? Would a large man of war use different wood from a small man of war for example? Would a merchant ship differ only in shape and size from a man of war, or would the whole process of building it been different?

I'd love insight into the shipbuilding process of large(r) sailing ships from this era.

Many thanks!

Just reading about that 11,000 idol currently on the Front Page. Thanks!

Who invented it and did they have any thoughts on how useful it would be?

After the 'land bridge' across the Bering strait was reclaimed by the sea c. 8,000 years ago, is there any evidence that Native American 'Eskimo' and Native Siberian Chutchka, Evenk or Yakut (or other) peoples had any contact (genetically, culturally, or via trade)?

From what I understand this book is suppose to be the preeminent work on Mao, and took over a decade for the gathering of research alone. I've been reading, and have found it to be very enjoyable, learning a lot of things as well, like Mao's view towards communism, his involvement with opium and how much of a a role the USSR had in the CCP, the purges, and the amount of agents in the Nationalist government.

The main argument I hear against it though is that the the authors write it in a tone against Mao, and not from an unbiased perspective, which I don't think they try to hide by the wording used. But should it matter what tone they have towards him since they can back up their claims about with facts, and cited information that they provide for the reader?

I remember they were prominent in early 80s pop culture, but I haven't seen or heard anything about them since then. Anyone know the history of the group?

Seeing as Pu Yi was the last emperor of the Q'ing dynasty, and the Q'ing was directly preceded by the Ming and Yuan dynasties, was there a real unbroken line of succession of emperors between Kublai Khan and Pu Yi? I can't seem to find any period between the start of the Yuan and 1912 when there wasn't an emperor on the throne, and it would make the end of the reign of Chinese emperors so much more significant if Pu Yi really was the last emperor in a line of emperors that goes back more than 700 years. Or were there moments where China was without emperor between 1279 and 1912?

Was there a 'Spanish' style of plate armor, peculiar to the Iberian Peninsula, as there was in England? Or would heavy cavalry be wearing imported harnesses of (I'm assuming) Italian make? Would similar armors be worn by Granadan heavy cavalry?

Today, when you travel to almost any historic site / battle site in say US, Canada, Britain, etc. it will be pretty much the same experience. It will be run by a national authority- national park service, national trust, parks canada. There will be a visitor center, tours, etc. In the distant past, this wasn't the case. Often they were on property owned by private individuals, who might have charged admission. They might have also excavated or preserved ruins that were present.
So how did these large systems of national historic sites develop? How have they become so similar?

So I'm a low-class citizen of one of the Italian city-states who's decided that normal life is too boring and too difficult, I feel like some adventure with a chance of glory and booty. I know these bands of Condottieri are all over the peninsula and I figure I could join one of them. How would I do that, and what sort of future could I reasonably expect as a mercenary?

There seems to be a lot of different groups that invaded and settled in modern day England prior to the Normans such as the Jutes, Saxons, Angles and Romans. Which group had the most influence and do we know the settlement of these different groups shape the makeup of the UK today, for example do we know what percentage of the population has ancestral roots with each group and where exactly they settled.

I doubt that they were named like that cause they ran around with lit grenades like lunatics. Is there some historic or strategic significance or is it just a name?

Side info: Currently playing a game called ,,Company of Heroes'' (WW2 strategy game) and it claims that Grenadiers were the core of the German army (time window of the game is the last two years of the war)

This is my first time posting here so I'm sorry if I break any rules.

After watching Planet of the Apes (1968) I thought of the scene where Cpt. Taylor shows the Orangutan that flight is possible by folding a piece of paper into a plane and throwing it.

Did Humans similarly not have paper planes until after the Wright brothers' invention?

Im not asking for an author but what civilization? And were they Jewish or Hebrew before or did that concept come as a result of that? And of so what religion did the people have before it and how did the conversion take place?