2 Answers 2014-11-19
1 Answers 2014-11-19
At least in English there is plenty of material on American and English fascist movements prior to WWII. However I have read almost nothing on pre-war French Fascist movements. Were there any such groups? and if so did they help form the core of the Vichy French government?
2 Answers 2014-11-19
3 Answers 2014-11-19
I understand that it was basically erected without the West's permission, but surely there must have been some sort of back and forth, right?
1 Answers 2014-11-19
1 Answers 2014-11-19
This weekly feature is a place to discuss new developments in fields of history and archaeology. This can be newly discovered documents and archaeological sites, recent publications, documents that have just become publicly available through digitization or the opening of archives, and new theories and interpretations.
3 Answers 2014-11-19
Horses are consistently smaller than you'd expect in equestrian statues. One thought is this is to demonstrate the magnitude of the hero, but is there any evidence horses were also actually smaller back then?
3 Answers 2014-11-19
In particular, I'm trying to find out how it was possible to sustain such a massive campaign prior to the invention of modern currency. Were the Mongols thrifty nomads that survived off of the remains of the towns they invaded? Or was there a large supporting population in Mongolia who kept up supply lines?
4 Answers 2014-11-19
2 Answers 2014-11-19
Edit: I posted this topic before but without pictures. The description I posted last time is included below. Anyway, here are some photos Finally! The first three are of the Bible. The last photo is of a photo copy of the letter that my grandfather gave to me when I was home. Unfortunately, I am away and can't get a good photo of the original letter at the moment, but should be able to do it myself when I go back home in a few weeks. Hopefully it will hold you over until then.
Bible: Pic 1 ; Pic 2 ; pic 3 ;
Copy of Resignation: Letter
Hey Historians.
So, my Dutch grandfather was given an old Dutch picture bible by some friends in New Jersey. It's a bit ragged but beautiful. He was flipping through it recently and found inside a piece of parchment with the resignation of an Antonio Perez, the secretary to Philip II, King of Spain, in mid to late 16th century. The resignation is written in English and looks authentic. I'll post pictures of both the items ASAP.
After reading quickly on wikipedia about Antonio Perez it seems that the resignation is in relation to the murder of Juan de Escobedo, secretary of Don Juan of Austria. The story goes: Perez was friends with Escobedo, convinced King Philip that Escobedo should become secretary to Don Juan of Austria, Escobedo would then act as a spy for Perez so Perez could use royal secrets to his advantage but Escobedo ends up becoming friends with Don Juan so Perez has him killed. From there, Philip II gets pissed, wants Perez to pay (because Perez was basically manipulating the King for some time) and Perez somehow manages to escape multiple imprisonments and death and lives the rest of his life in France and England.
What's interesting is how the resignation letter got in the bible, what it means, whose bible it was, and how it got to New Jersey and then in the hands of my Dutch Grandfather who lives in Florida.
My guess is that the bible belonged to Philip II as he was quite religious and, for a time, was also King of Netherlands (and England and Ireland).
Nevertheless, I'm not sure if Perez ever officially resigned as secretary. Perhaps the letter was a plan to resign before everything got messy? Anyway, this Perez guy seemed to be a badass with a silver tongue who could manipulate lots of people, from royalty to the public (which is how he managed to often escape imprisonment).
I'm interested to know if you all could provide any more information on this topic, concerning the history as well as the items themselves as my grandfather seems to think they're worth something.
Thanks!
2 Answers 2014-11-19
I'm having a hard time finding sources on this. I can find references to various heresies and how they were combated in print by Alcuin, or refuted and denounced (Council of Frankfurt), but nothing on whether or not anyone was "burned at the stake" or otherwise received significant penalties. I really appreciate your assistance with this!
1 Answers 2014-11-19
1 Answers 2014-11-19
1 Answers 2014-11-19
Why are countries like Estonia, The Czech Republic, and Albania so much more irreligious than countries like Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and Lithuania? These countries are certainly very different, but perhaps someone here has enough knowledge of at least two of these countries to give a good explanation.
I find it especially interesting that Estonia and Lithuania, once both part of the Soviet Union, are very different today in terms of religious belief.
2 Answers 2014-11-19
2 Answers 2014-11-19
Not only interment camps for Japanese-Americans, but things like the camouflage of a Boeing plant and blackout drills in cities. Were they a reaction to a real problem, or mostly a device to make Americans feel that they had a stake in the war as well?
Follow up question: Were German and Japanese saboteurs a real problem?
1 Answers 2014-11-19
I've heard that some of the christian rituals, like celebrating solstice, that are practiced were originally rituals from other religions that christianity adopted to make the conversion to christianity easier. Is that true?
1 Answers 2014-11-19
