Many historians claim that the offensive was immoral and unjustified. How can it be right, they argue, for the Allies to have deliberately targeted German cities causing the death of hundreds of thousands of civilians? Even on a strategic level the offensive failed to bring about the collapse of civilian morale that was its intention. Others, however, maintain that the attacks made a decisive contribution to the Allied victory. Vast numbers of German soldiers and planes were diverted from the eastern and western fronts, while Allied bombing attacks virtually destroyed the German air force, clearing the way for the invasion of the continent.

From the research I've done it looked like Armenia started the war at a severe disadvantage in terms of equipment and manpower yet mostly seemed to come out on top of Azerbaijan.

My dad always used to sing a sea shanty about the decline in the use of tall ships, the first few verses of which go:

The War To End Wars ended and I told my friends at school / someday I'll sail around the world! They laughed and called me fool / But even as a youngster I was stubborn as a mule / I set out to be a sailorman.

I signed aboard my first ship with a bright and cheerful song / They said I was a nightingale who eased the work along / I learned the old mens' stories and the work-chants loud and strong / That's how I became a shantyman.

I screamed just like a banshee to be heard above the gale / To keep the watch in unison and help them reef the sails / The crew were tough as whipcord, the Skipper hard as nails / Still they needed this young shantyman.

But days of sail were ending and steamships coming fast / I watched them sail into the wind, no sail set at the mast / Black coal to drive them onward and no more the cool, clear blast / A cold wind blowing for the shantyman.

As you can see, the song seems to place the decline of the tall ship in commercial shipping well after the end of the First World War (i.e. the War to End Wars). I'm uncertain of the providence of the song (the above is from memory), and this seems to be a very late date to still find wind-powered ships still in common use.

Is the song an anachronism? Could a boy in 1918 still find the first ten to twenty years of a career on a tall ship? When and how did wind-powered ships finally stop being used for large-scale trading?

To my understanding there were 7 major crusades, and the last major one was in 1291. But why did the Pope stop issuing them? Are there any major reasons they stopped?

And also why did the world stop calling Iran Persia?

Why have we not found anything remotely similar from that time?

Who do you think made/used it?

Could there have been lots of them used at that time and if so, what does that say about the era's technological state?

Why was there a gap of centuries until something as intricate was invented?

So my History teacher just announced that instead of doing a final exam we will be doing an 8-page research paper due in 3 weeks. Normally I wouldn't have a problem finding references but I'm a little tight for time. Could some of you please mention some authors/books that would help out? My thesis is "America lost the Vietnam War due to lack of support at home and lack of strategy on the battlefield." We were only taught up to World War 2 so if you find anything wrong with my thesis I'll be more than happy to take advice and corrections.

I'm having trouble finding a complete collection of all the volumes.

Since it's an original source history collection I'd like to ideally get the lot and read through them over time.

I'm sorry if this isn't the appropriate place to ask, But I thought this was the best place suited to the question.

I've tried Ebay, Amazon and there are no consistent collections or sometimes there are volumes missing.

"Calico" Jack Rackham has appeared in two different forms of pirate inspired media recently, the video game Assassin's Creed IV: Black Flag and the Starz TV series Black Sails. While there are some differences as to how each characterize him, both portrayals seem to give a common general impression of an eccentric pirate, prevalent in his use of wit and/or humor, as well as being very clever.

Is this accurate based on what we know of the historical Jack Rackham? If not, is there an original depiction we can point to as the origin (much like how we point to Treasure Island as the origin of so many pirate stereotypes and Robert Newton's Long John Silver as the origin of the pirate "accent") of this apparent trope?

Reddit comment claimed this: "And, sanguine also means optimistic. However, it is not because of blushing. Sanguine got this meaning during the Middle Ages because of the believed effects of blood as one of the four humors. Having an excess amount of blood was believed to cause cheerfulness and optimism." How true is it? I don't really trust the reliability of a random comment on the Internet so I thought I would ask here.

Hello,

So a common trope is the nuclear bomb in a briefcase, which could go anywhere and thus kill everyone. Did any nation/people ever make a briefcase nuke? There might be chance I may be misremembering this.

Thank you

I ask because prostitutes own the means of production (themselves) and in a strict Marxist sense that means they themselves would be bourgeoisie. Or did Marx (or Marxists) feel that they are still selling their labor?

The book Empire of the Summer Moon has received almost nothing but glowing reviews and I have had no luck finding any criticisms of the book done by experts in the field. Many of his claims seem quite unbelievable and ethnocentric. I received the book as a gift, but after getting only a short way in, I've found myself having trouble swallowing many of his claims and he doesn't cite sources in the text, so I really don't want to waste my time reading this entire book if it's just fiction. Can anyone in the field give me any information about inaccuracies in the book? If that's too vague, I can come back and add specific examples.

I Just returned from a tour of the DPRK. During the tour we visited their National War Museum (which was the most magnficant I've seen). In it we watched a propoganda video titled "Who Provoked the Korean War?" with a bunch of evidence that the US were the aggressors.

Obviously propoganda is propoganda.

My question: Does the history as it is written in the West have complete monopoly on the truth? Is there an objective reality? What are your thoughts?

I've read a lot about the origins of unicorn myths, the various real-life creatures they might be based on and the different cultural myths about them. What I can't figure out is where the modern depiction came from. In the middle ages, unicorns were consider ferocious beasts, wild and untamed, and possibly seen as an allegory for the Passion of the Christ and even male sexuality. But now they are associated with innocence, rainbows, and happiness. Are there any writers or artists that helped change the mythology?