Repost as per mod suggestions: were there antimaskers during the Spanish flu of 1918, and if so what kind of rhetoric did they employ?

1 Answers 2021-06-02

How reliable is the 1955 US military assessment of Operation Barbarossa written with help of former Wehrmacht officers?

I saw this document and thought it would be interesting, but noticed that it was pretty old and saw many names I know in the foreword like:

The authors of these monographs, prepared for theHistorical Division, United States Army, Europe, include General-oberst (Gen.) Franz Halder, Chief of Staff of the German Armyfrom 1938-42; Generaloberst Gotthard Heinrici, a former corps,army, and army group commander on the Russian front: and severalothers.

I know Franz Halder in particular assisted in crafting the myth of Clean Wehrmacht, absolving the crimes of Wehrmacht from records, so how reliable is this?

2 Answers 2021-06-02

When did Samhain become popularly known as "Halloween", and why?

1 Answers 2021-06-02

Short Answers to Simple Questions | June 02, 2021

Previous weeks!

Please Be Aware: We expect everyone to read the rules and guidelines of this thread. Mods will remove questions which we deem to be too involved for the theme in place here. We will remove answers which don't include a source. These removals will be without notice. Please follow the rules.

Some questions people have just don't require depth. This thread is a recurring feature intended to provide a space for those simple, straight forward questions that are otherwise unsuited for the format of the subreddit.

Here are the ground rules:

  • Top Level Posts should be questions in their own right.
  • Questions should be clear and specific in the information that they are asking for.
  • Questions which ask about broader concepts may be removed at the discretion of the Mod Team and redirected to post as a standalone question.
  • We realize that in some cases, users may pose questions that they don't realize are more complicated than they think. In these cases, we will suggest reposting as a stand-alone question.
  • Answers MUST be properly sourced to respectable literature. Unlike regular questions in the sub where sources are only required upon request, the lack of a source will result in removal of the answer.
  • Academic secondary sources are prefered. Tertiary sources are acceptable if they are of academic rigor (such as a book from the 'Oxford Companion' series, or a reference work from an academic press).
  • The only rule being relaxed here is with regard to depth, insofar as the anticipated questions are ones which do not require it. All other rules of the subreddit are in force.

45 Answers 2021-06-02

Vikings had wonderful short descriptive names for places, for instance Milkagaard and Serkland, but what of the people there? What did the Vikings call them?

What did the Vikings call the Byzantines, Arabs and Khazars?

1 Answers 2021-06-02

Good sources on the "American Relief Administration/other forms of NGO aid after or during the first world war.

I'm currently working towards a degree in International Development, and ideally would like to work for organisations like Quaker Peace. One of their biggest operations, as far as I can tell, was run alongside the American Relief Administration. However hard sources on it are relatively hard to find. I've found a book called "The Famine in Soviet Russia 1919-1923 the Operations of the American Relief Administration", but that seemed to have been published in the 1920s. Is there anything more recent, more able to judge the long term effects, successes and failures?

Thanks!

2 Answers 2021-06-02

What sports, if any, did the Incas play?

If you believe the first page of google it seems they very much played 'the ball game' / pok-a-tok / tlachtli / ollamaliztli

However it seems with a bit more research they very much did not, and it's just lots of people inaccurately answering questions that causes that false fact to trend the results

So did the Incas play any sports?

1 Answers 2021-06-02

Why didn't Attila convert to Christianism when he was invading the Roman Empire, as the Germanic tribes used to do? Why did they have such a different approach to religion?

A different way to present it would be: why did the Germanic tribes convert? Wouldn't it logical for the conquerors to impose their religion to the conquered? Why did the Germanic tribes abandon their gods in favor of Christ? Why the Huns didn't? Did Attila impose his faith, or he didn't care about religion at all?

1 Answers 2021-06-02

Did Greeks during Alexander the Great knew about China?and vice versa?

1 Answers 2021-06-02

Current historical consensus say that the first settlers in America were the Vikings. So are there any records or evidence that say that they had an contact with Native Americans?

I know that Native American cultures were mostly found in Mesoamerica and southern America.

So let's say that there was a chance that the Vikings had some contact with the Native Americans in part of the two Americas, is there any evidence or records so far that suggest this?

1 Answers 2021-06-02

How can I confirm if an ancestor of mine owned 80% of the island of Manhattan prior to the US war of independence?

I was going through some family history when I stumbled across an article written in a newspaper 120 years ago that includes a history of my ancestors.

It’s consistent with more contemporary sources and gets most details right as far as I can tell but it includes a paragraph indicating that my family had a 10,000 acre farm or estate on the island of Manhattan prior to the war of independence, and as my family were Union Loyalists, the land was confiscated after the war and my family fled to Canada.

http://www.sfredheritage.on.ca/Ruttans.htm

There are other mentions in some fairly obscure family histories of united empire loyalists that my family had land in Manhattan but no where else does it mention the amount. 10,000 acres would be 80% of the island, more or less. This seems very high, but doe quick googling indicates that the population of New York City was 25,000 in 1776 so it’s not outside the realm of possibility.

My guess is this is probably an exaggeration but it piqued my curiosity, how would I go about finding out if my family had a large estate in what is now Manhattan that was confiscated after the civil war?

(Next stop r/legaladvice, to see if the recent Supreme Court ruling regarding Oklahoma territory sets a usable precedent to get Manhattan returned to the family. s/)

1 Answers 2021-06-02

I have learned recently that most bayoneted charges resulted in not a ad hoc spear fight, but the defending side usually just running away. If this is so, then how did armies before gunpowder ever get the nerve to get up close and hack at each other?

Or, is one of my original premises wrong?

1 Answers 2021-06-02

What happened to slaves that had white mothers or fathers?

Basically White+Black

1 Answers 2021-06-02

did the Exodus of moses happen?

it sounds like it was a big deal

1 Answers 2021-06-02

Are there any areas of Scandinavia(Modern day Denmark,Norway,and Sweden) that have high amounts of Slavic influence and history or Slavic settlement?

1 Answers 2021-06-02

Has there be any monarchs in the last 200-300 years that have fought alongside their soldiers in a major war?

I know this used to happen all the time but it seems to have become less and less common as time has gone on, I was just wondering if there were any recent examples of this.

1 Answers 2021-06-02

Is it true that nuclear scientists mostly self-censored 'dangerous' research pre-WW2, with the notable exceptions of Jean and Irene Curie?

Saw this claim and it made me pretty curious:

Didn't this happen where America ordered scientists to stop making public, research papers on nuclear technology. The Soviets spotted the absence, and immediately steamed into nuclear research.

This is discussed in detail in The Making of the Atomic Bomb by Richard Rhodes. In the late 30s, almost all the atomic scientists realized that a war was coming, and that their work would enable the building of a bomb, and they voluntarily stopped publishing. Almost all, that is, except Jean and Irene Curie (daughter and son-in-law of Marie Curie) who were naively publishing very dangerous stuff right until war was declared. Apparently it never dawned on them to ask why all of their colleagues suddenly stopped publishing.

Not sure if that last sentence was tongue-in-cheek, but I'm also curious if there was any reasoning behind their decision to keep publishing (should the underlying claim of normalized self-censorship be true).

It's hard to imagine such a large proportion of the scientific community keeping their lips that uniformly sealed over something so valuable and prestigious, just for the virtue of it -- especially when the actual danger had yet to manifest.

1 Answers 2021-06-02

What did the Nazis and KKK think of each other?

1 Answers 2021-06-02

I've been really interested in learning about my local history of the Ozarks, but TBH I can't find hardly any specifics of famous events, locations or people linked to the area (mostly folklore). Any help on where to start?

It feels like my area is just devoid of any written history compared to everywhere else in America, but surely that's not true. When I read the Wikipedia article about the history of the Ozarks it (no joke) has nothing written there. I tried looking for some national historic landmarks and there aren't any really. Even the towns around here aren't really named after people, and the towns that do have cool things don't really document it that well compared to other places. As a person who is new to history research, there's just not a lot to go off of to know how to find more.

I just want to get a feel for the place I'm from, like who were the pioneers, what brought people here, what made them stay, what was life like here in the old days and maybe what people from other areas thought of the area or if the opinion of the area has changed at all throughout the years.

I'll take any cool information but I'm mostly interested in, say the 1800s up to WW2.

Edit: I understand the Ozarks was kind of an area for people trying to stay out of the history books, and I'm okay with that. I'll take anything, I like information that helps me get a feel for what everyday life is like (a quest for immersion) so even seemingly mundane details are very interesting to me.

1 Answers 2021-06-02

Stone Age people’s knowledge of metal?

I am an author writing a story set in the Stone Age. I know some South American civilizations knew about metal and smelting, but lacked the mines to do it on a large scale.

So from the point of view of, say, a proto-European or middle easterner in the Stone Age, would it be erroneous for me to describe something as “silvery”?

Would they know what metal is, even if they didn’t quite know what to do with it? Or would they just have no idea?

1 Answers 2021-06-02

To what extent did there exist a "samurai code" before 18th century formulations like Hagakure?

What did writers, whether samurai themselves or no, have to say about the samurai code(s) of honor, if they existed, before this time? Historical fiction of the 20th century seems to depict everyone who isn't an aristocrat or samurai themselves as fearing samurai and considering them somewhere between thug and tyrant, so I imagine if such honor codes exist they might be interpreted quite differently among the lower classes.

1 Answers 2021-06-02

Why are Greek/Roman ruins so much better preserved than Persian?

Iran has been a center of continuous civilization for 2,500 years, with massive empires for about 1,000 years from the Achaemenid to the Parthian and Sassanid eras. Persian cities in their heyday were just as grand as any Greek city, so why is classical Hellenic architecture so well-known and ancient Persian architecture not? Why is there so little left of Ctesiphon, or Pasargadae, or Persepolis (or other great cities)?

Or is my premise wrong, and just a product of Western culture being more interested in Greece and Rome than the Persian world?

3 Answers 2021-06-01

Is there a website that searches for old news archives? I have an article from “The Providence Sunday Journal” titled “Atom Has Done Its Stuff - That’s what friend scientist plans to prove at Chicago’s Century of Progress to be celebrated in 1933”. Article dated 1930

2 Answers 2021-06-01

Was Hitler a Christian in his later life? Did he believe in an afterlife or Jesus Christ?

Thanks!

1 Answers 2021-06-01

In your period of expertise, how were identical twins explained? What sort of attitude did people have towards them?

This was an example question from the mod post on relaxing the "no example seeking" rule, but I actually got curious when I read it. Most of the existing/already asked questions about twins on this subreddit seemed to be about choosing heirs between twins, but there didn't seem to anyone else asking about much else related to twins.

I'll admit I'm particularly interested in twin girls, since anecdotally I've heard some cultures consider twins in general, or twin girls in particular, to be bad luck. But I'm curious about perceptions of and explanations for twins in general, too.

(I especially would like to know how baby twins were told apart. Today, if there's a potential or accidental mix-up, parents can just check hand or foot prints against the birth certificate. How did parents untangle twin mix-ups before the normalization of birth certificates and foot prints?)

1 Answers 2021-06-01

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