1. Were citizens allowed to carry weapons in Rome and Greece? If not, what was the punishment for doing so?

2. What kinds of weapons would the average citizen carry? How about thugs, thieves, "gang" members?

3. Was there "gang" warfare?

Bonus question: what were criminal gangs like in the ancient west?

Thank you.

Like, let's say Italy launches a navy with a landing force to hit North Africa. North Africa did the same to Italy, and upon landing, both nations can't find their enemy's main force. Also applicable to land offensives.

Just using Italy and North Africa because they're the best locations I could think of.

How did the Crimean War happen?

How did Russia get involved in a war with the Ottoman Empire than expanded way beyond their initial plans?

Why did Britain and France get involved?

Was the war really mismanaged by all powers?

During the Southern Song Dynasty, there was quite a bit of economic restructuring and growth. I'm aware that Song coins became more common in East Asia, but how much of an influence did they have in Japan specifically? I'm not familiar with Japanese currency, so sorry if this is an obvious or dumb part to the question, but to what extent did the coins see use or influence Japanese currency? Also, did any of the tested paper currency at the time make it over or have any influence (there's less records of the paper currency leaving China)?

When the rifle brigade was set up in 1800 it soon proved itself to be very useful at infiltrating enemy lines and sharpshooting, thus it was observed by many generals in the army that the rifled guns had better accuracy as well as better range than there musket counterparts. Given this general agreement by the "top brass" about the rifles benefits (that arguably out weighed its weaknesses):

why did the British army never upgrade regular soldiers of the line / red coats to this "obviously" superior weapon?

Was it really not generalised just due to firing time?

As well as this, was it due to it being less easy to mass produce?

Thank you for your responses.

In terms of the composition of the drinks, alcoholic strength, amount that people would generally drink, social aspects, etc.

I'm curious: Given it's great size, it seems that a century of properly drilled troops, equipped with Scutum are almost invulnerable, as the testudo would enable them to survive ranged attack (asides from siege engine such as ballista and the like) and in melee they would prevent a solid wall of shield, robbing the enemy any chance of getting at that sweet Roman flesh.

I'm sure I'm wrong, because the Romans did suffer defeats. But why?

So I've just been on holiday to Boston, we took a trip up to Maine for some skiing and as we went the above question struck me. Coming from England myself it was novelty to see and drive through all these places with familiar names, as well as seeing some places with names of European countries or capital cities.

Why did they do this instead of coming up with new and original names? I mean, if I founded a new town/city, I wouldn't name it after Brighton (where I'm from), I'd name it something entirely different. Das_Perderdernerterville or something (maybe not quite like that, you get my point).

I'm reading Malcolm X's autobiography and he mentions that Fidel Castros stayed at Hotel Theresa . He says that Castro had won a grand psychological victory over USA's foreign department. He goes on to say that the deparment had forbidden Castro to leave Manhattan but never expected him to stay in Harlem and that it made a strong impression on the black community.

What was the psychological victory and what implication did his stay at Hotel Theresa have?

I'm wondering what preventive measures people have used through the ages to make it hard to make counterfeit money. Nowadays, we have all kinds of things ranging from watermarks to a mixture of cloth & paper...

How did they prevent people (jewelers, smiths) from recreating their currency?

A side question: Are there any records of people actually making money whenever they needed it & using it to supply their demands, or even of people living large because they made themselves a load of money?

I've been studying about Oliver Cromwell, and I see all of his accomplishments as being "God's Will" everytime he speaks about his actions. Yet I don't see any real reason for this conviction, which as far as I can tell, was labelled a "conversion experience". How would you describe what that would have been like? Or why it was so powerful?

It's obvious he believed in God's Will when he turns down the crown to "forsake personal glory". But he sure took a lot of glory from the battlefield and used it to achieve personal and political gain, even securing a life long financial benefit from his battlefield actions.

So what was really going on with Cromwell?

I'm especially interested how significate they were on the battlefield.

I am aware that Franklin published Whitefield's sermons in his Gazette and Whitefield was happy to allow him to do so. How did their relationship go beyond business interactions?

Starting with the first crusade where there appears to be mutual relations to the sacking of Constantinople. How did this change occur?

When I view old photos, movies, and sitcoms from earlier decades, I can't help but notice how well dressed everyone was. It seems like unless someone was extremely poor, they dressed very formally compared to today's standards. Are there specific reasons why society become more casual in their style of dress?

i.e Imperialism, Nationalism, Militarism, monarchism.

I have a Constateur Plasschaert Frères. I understand the basics of what it was, but I was wondering if anyone knows a bit about them. All knowledge is welcome! All I know is its for timing honing pigeon races and recording the time on paper. Thank you!