I know that translating books like the bible from Latin or whichever language its widely accepted form was written, was a big source of theological debate. But once books like the bible did get translated into local languages were there any sources of strife between for example Italian Catholics and french catholics over translated passages? Or did perhaps German Protestants take umbrage with the King James bible? What about other religion's holy books?
There are many, many disputes over this sort of thing, and that's why you find so many different translations of the Bible in English alone. Every version of the Bible pretty much exists because someone didn't like a translation which already existed. The act of translation is itself an act of interpretation, and that is a simple fact which cannot be avoided. This is all in addition to the fact that the translations themselves come from a manuscript tradition and manuscripts never agree 100%, so even if you could read the original Greek or Hebrew text, there is still the need for an editorial process to come to a single text, though the best versions will at least provide the other popular possibilities in footnotes.
As for specific examples, there is a movement which holds that the King James Bible is the only valid bible.
Moses has been depicted with horns coming from his head instead of radiant light due to a mistranslation of the hebrew bible into the vulgate latin
Moses (Michelangelo) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moses_(Michelangelo)