It seems odd that despite the large numbers of Africans enslaved in the Arab world, I see no evidence of their descendents today, in contrast to Western countries.
Unfortunately I am not with my books on this subject, but I can give you a few sources and ideas. In the Middle East, commercial trading began as early as the 6th century with records of Arab ships sailing up and down the East African Coast and along the southern shores of South Asia. Long before the Atlantic Slave Trade, the Arabs were moving millions of Africans around the Indian ocean for economic purposes.
During the 8th century the Islamic world underwent the Arab Agricultural Revolution, radically shifting demographic diffusion, urban and agrarian technology, and allowed for a major surge in population during their expansionary conquests. It would be safe to say that Africans were not used in exactly the same manner as the Western world used them; that is to say they were not enslaved with the mind of agricultural enslavement, but rather for concubinage.
Whereas the European slave trade moved a ration of 2:1 men to women for physical labor, the Arab Slave Trade moved the opposite, preferring women over men for their sexual pleasure. As seen in novels such as "The Persian Letters," the male slaves were often castrated and lived their lives as eunuchs, to prevent their impregnation of the harem's concubines. Castration combined with a large majority of slaves being women that slept with solely Arab upper class leads us to the conclusion that the bloodlines of African slaves that were sent to the Middle East most likely died out without being able to procreate naturally. Combining this with the 90% mortality rate for slave movement across the African continent to the Middle East, you have a very low chance of creating an ethnic impact in the Middle East
Interestingly enough, you can see the opposite in areas such as Zanzibar. Home to a large number of ethnically mixed people known as the Shirazi. By the creation of the slave trade and the following 14 centuries of the practice, the Arabs managed to assimilate into many of the cultures down the coast of Africa and across the shores of Asia, further expanding the burgeoning Islamic Empire during the first and second millenia.
Sources:
http://www.aina.org/news/2006100394917.htm
Jenott, Lance. Silk Road Seattle, "The Voyage around the Erythraean Sea." Last modified 2004. Accessed February 17, 2013. http://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/texts/periplus/periplus.html.
A.J Hughes, East Africa; Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, (Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1969), 188-206.
Muhammad Salim Sulaiman Mohammed Haji Ali a, "Informal Settlements: Policy, Land Use and Tenure ." (manuscript., FIG, 2006), http://www.fig.net/pub/fig2006/papers/ts35/ts35_01_ali_sulaiman_0320.pdf