What were the factors that caused this, and why did it happen?
Hello!
I think this is a very interesting question, and i look forward to see it answered in depth. However being Dutch myself, and quite interested in history i can give you the advice to look up some books about The V.O.C. and their English counterparts.
Expertise withholding i can hopefully give you a peak in the direction you might be interested in! It even lists some sources
The Relentless Revolution: a History of Capitalism, by Joyce Appleby, 2010
The Dutch Republic and Civilization in the 17th century, by Charles Wilson, 1968.
The Embarrassment of Riches : an Interpretation of Dutch Culture in the Golden Age, by Simon Schama.
Dutch Capitalism and Liberalism against Tradition http://www.fsmitha.com/h3/h25neth.html