The Sarmatians, an Iranian people related to the Scythians, have been described as "ruled by women" by Greek historians of Antiquity. The Sarmatian women enjoyed an unusual level of gender equality, such as participation in warfare, marital freedom etc., though whether the women were actually in charge, or whether the historians of the time were exaggerating, I can't say.

The Minoan civilization of ancient Crete was possibly a matriarchal one. Artwork depicts men and women competing in sports such as bull-leaping equally. The religion was held by female priestesses and most, if not all, of their deities were female. While this isn't conclusive proof, it does suggest a primarily female focused civilization. Furthermore, inheritance was determined matrilineally, which also suggests the important of women in their legal system.

http://www.civilization.ca/cmc/exhibitions/civil/greece/gr1020e.shtml