I wouldn't call it common, as there's only a handful of well documented cases in the literature and much of the other evidence for its prevalence is anecdotal, but I'll mention it because it's wonderfully weird...

From the 15th to the 17th century in Europe wealthy and educated people were struck with glass delusion the belief that one is literally made of glass, or another fragile material such as porcelain, and therefore that one is at risk of shattering.

The most famous case was that of Princess Alexandra of Bavaria, who purportedly believed she had swallowed a glass Piano as a child and so insisted on walking through doorways sideways so as not to get stuck. Her case and the history of the delusion is discussed in this Stuff You Missed in History Class Podcast

As discussed in the episode whether this was a genuine Phobia is a contested point - it was described as a 'scholars malady' that is to say a condition that people tended to self diagnose with after they heard that someone they regard as prestigious had it.

while not entirely a phobia since I would think that it implies an irrational fear, the fear of being buried alive, which still happens nowadays albeit rarely, was pretty much in vogue in the 19th century. It got to a point where people would actually install bells that would be above their graves and connected through a tube in their coffins so, where they to woke up, they could ring it and thus be rescued. http://australianmuseum.net.au/Safety-coffins

In Japan victims of Fugu would lay next to their coffins for 3 days out of fear they where actually paralyzed not really dead, so this was done to avoid cremating them alive.

In One Hundred Years of Solitude, based largely on Colombian folklore, one of the main characters asks to be decapitated before being buried out of the same fear.