I know that Goose Bay was a joint air base that included the RAF, RCAF and the AAF. I am curious to see what the AAF's role while stationed there was, and what their major contributions to the war effort were. Considering it was the largest air base in the entire world as of 1944 (I think), it doesn't have a much information or pictures floating around on it. I'm aware that it was considered a central point between ferrying plans to Europe and loading/repairing others on their ways to assorted locations. Did it have any fighter or bomber units? Did missions fly out of Goose Bay? What did the American units posted there contribute to the war? My grandfather was stationed there. As far as I know he was on some sort of dental team that flew out of Goose Bay to other assorted isolated locations to work on teeth. I believe he also held a secondary MOS to make him useful while in flight. I have zero information on the units stationed there, what they specifically did (him included), or what their contributions to the war as a whole was. Any insight, pictures and information would be warmly welcomed. This has been an ongoing project of mine for many years.
I can't answer all of your questions directly but Memorial University of Newfoundland has a well designed web encyclopedia of Newfound & Labrador that has a fair bit of the information you are seeking. In addition each article contains an extensive bibliography that could help you get more information.
I suggest starting with the entry on Goose Bay during the war.
and then the article, The American Presence in Newfoundland and Labrador.
It sounds like your grandfather was assigned to the medical unit at the base's hospital. Somewhere there will be an official history of that unit. I can tell you anecdotally from having traveled through those native communities myself that the arrival of American medical care is remembered with gratitude to this day. Before your grandfather and the others arrived medical care was just simply not there apart from a few trained missionaries.
As for the overall AAF contribution in Goose Bay to the war effort? I think just a little reading will have you agreeing with my opinion that it was colossal.
Rick Calgary