I've seen many examples of weapons such as a trench club,such as a wooden club fastened with railway spikes and wrapped in metal wire that were used in WWI. How much more effective could weapons like this or things like trench knives,knuckle dusters,trench shovels,spiked chained weapons and etc be over a bayonet. Also how common was it for front-line soldiers to use such weapons? Would they be a large encumbrance or unwieldy to carry into battle?
In the Australian War Memorial collection, weapons from WW1 such as you describe are referred to as "raiding" weapons. They were used by both sides and were not for use in general battle. Both sides used to conduct night raids where small parties would cross over to the enemy trenches
The raids had several purposes including gathering intelligence, killing or wounding enemy troops, reducing enemy morale by instilling fear and a feelings of uncertainty, or disabling enemy equipment. The soldiers were lightly equipped in order to move quickly and quietly. While pistols or grenades could be used, often hand weapons such as knives, clubs and bayonets were used as they could be carried easily and not attract as much attention due to noise or damage caused.
Source: Australian War Memorial Collection items
https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/RELAWM16073/
https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/RELAWM03763/
TLDR They were designed to be specialist weapons for quiet, close quarters, and sometimes non-fatal to assist capture.