Follow-up question.... I was always told in (Catholic) school that Maryland was named so because it was chartered by Catholic refugees fleeing religious persecution. Has my life been a lie?

Louisiana came through the Louisiana Purchase which was much later than Independence.

I'm sure there were discussions, but keep in mind that at the start of the American Revolution, maybe 1/3 of colonists were pro-independence, 1/3 were neutral, and 1/3 were loyalists. Post-Revolution, Americans still maintained a lot of ties with the British, so there wasn't a radical split which would nudge people towards renaming states.

Also, a lot of those places were already called that for over a hundred years at that point (not to mention the monarchs they were named after had been dead for some time), so there weren't very many compelling reasons to change it. It's not like the US later went around changing names of places like California, Texas, New Mexico, etc. or cities such as Los Angeles, San Diego, etc. just because they were now part of America.