That's a pretty big question. I'd argue that the consequences are still being dealt with today - both on a political and social level.

On a political level, the First and Second Opium Wars opened up China to direct intervention by outside powers. In addition, the Opium Wars caused territory to be ceded directly to those powers such as Hong Kong. Other places, such as Qingdao, Macau, etc. were conceded over various other incidents. The Nationalists took back some Germany concessions at the end of WW I, and of course WW 2 saw a lot of those concessions reverted back to China who had been an ally of the West. And as we all know, the communist party made recovering Macau and Hong Kong a big issue, culminating in the 90's when they were returned.

The First Sino-Japanese War saw Korea shift from being a vassal of the Qing to falling under the Japanese sphere of influence. Taiwan was also ceded over to the Japanese. Of course, after the Second Sino-Japanese War/WW2, Taiwan was returned to China, eventually being where the Nationalists fled to after the Chinese Civil War. That issue is still to be played at of course - the status of Taiwan is very much still an issue, and the islands that China/Japan/Korea are arguing over today may well one day boil over into confrontation.

On a social level, the First and Second Opium Wars have an effect that lasts even to this day. A simple example is that both Taiwan and China have extremely strict laws against drug possession and especially drug trafficking.

More importantly, both the Nationalists and Communists made it their agenda to reform society away from the ancient feudal system that led to the ineffective rule of the Qing Dynasty. Consolidation of power and a strong military force was an important focus of the Nationalists. Social reforms began with them and of course reached an unparalleled scale after Mao took power.