I recently read a article saying that Chilvary was a Arabic concept that was adopted by the Europeans from the Moors in spain

I'd like to see this article, because it sounds incorrect. I would say that Knights evolved naturally from the elites of Late Antiquity, such as the Late Romano-Byzantine Clibanarii and Kataphraktoi, the Norse/Viking/Rus Hirdsmen or Huscarls, and also the Frankish heavy infantry known as comitatenses. I don't feel that the Arabs had much to do with it, other than being a driving force behind the creation of the elite European units due to the threat that they posed. It's all too common that the lingering effects of the "Dark Age" assumption leads to people attributing any kind of medieval European development to the Muslims, "the saviors of European civilization". I've found that most of the time that this is stated, it's not correct.

Anyways, this is not to say that the Muslims did not have any knight-like units. The Mubarizun of the Rashidun Caliphate were a unit of "champions", highly trained in the use of the sword, lance, and bow whose job was to defeat the "champions" of other armies. They emerged in the earliest days of the Muslim conquests.

Faris was the generic equivalent word for "knight" in Arabic. Furusiyya was the ideology which promoted the warrior/knightly arts in Islam. There were a number of different realms of study, including mounted combat, use of the spear, the javelin, the bow, the sword, the axe, and various polearms. It also promoted concepts that one could consider equivalent to European chivalry. This is perhaps what the article you referenced was talking about.

Later on, starting in the time of the Ayyubid and Fatimid Caliphates, there were also the famed Ghulams, Tabardariyya, and especially, the Mamluks. These were some of the most elite and heavily armed warriors ever to fight under the Green Banner.

In terms of what these units wore, they were very different than what you might think of as a Western knight, clad in a full suit of plate armor. The Arabs/Turks outfitted their soldiers in a similar way to the Byzantines - elite Middle-Eastern soldiers made use of a combination of leather or iron lamellar armor, perhaps reinforced with a suit of mail, a sturdy leather or iron helmet with double-layered mail and a mail "visor", rugged leather boots, and a large reinforced round leather shield, often something like a targe with a spike through the middle. They often covered their upper bodies in a swath of light cloth or linen, especially to protect their faces and the backs of their necks from the cutting winds and harsh sun. Lamellar barding could be outfitted to protect their horses, but this technology was not very widespread early on. Lamellar was of huge benefit to these soldiers because it was relatively light and flexible, but offered superior protection. Read the Alexiad and you'll find that Byzantine armor allowed cavalry to charge into ranks of spears or endure volleys of arrows, and emerge almost completely unscathed. The same was probably true of the elite Muslim units of the time.

Iron swords were generally of good quality, and contrary to popular belief were not curved, at least early on. Curved weaponry (such as the kilij) only began to show up in Muslim armies beginning in the 9th Century, and even then, did not become popular until the 11th or 12th Centuries. This was because the Turks were the ones who introduced this type of weaponry, which was highly useful to them when used in combination with the cavalry. Other weapons such as the composite bow, were also highly revered by the Turks, and therefore, became commonplace in Muslim armies by the time of the Crusades. Many of the typical weapons you'd expect were also used: spears, halberds, axes, etc.

Overall, I would say that Muslim "knights" were by-and-large just as well equipped and trained as their Christian counterparts. The issue was, that because of the frequent political fragmentation, it seems that it was harder to raise reliably large numbers of these soldiers. Only with the greatest of Muslim leaders was this possible.