I think you have two challenges of definition here. The first is allegorical personification. I think there are lots of things that would count if you held the definition loosely. Athena, in some ways, personified Greece, for instance. But she was also a deity and so held more than just that role in the culture. And then their is "pre-modern," where are you drawing that line?

But I think that an example that would elicit a "yes" to your question would be Switzerland's national personfier Helvetia who came to prominence in the 17th century.