Apologies for the very little amount of research that I did, but how did a city with a population of about 8000 able to afford an army of upto 5000 . Which was ~60% of it's population?
Present day nations like India which has the third largest army in the world has only .1% of it's population as defence forces.
Also I would appreciate if anyone of you corrected these figures.
First of all, your numbers seem off. Where in the timeline are we talking about? You have 600 years where you could place those figures. But, lets take this as our starting point. The percentage they got is a bit less than 50%- of the Spartan males. Spartans weren't the only ones living in Sparta. Perioikoi were making a significant part of the population too, but the most important aspect were helots. They were a free labour force that outnumbered Spartans 10 to 1.
Perioikoi would do the paperwork and merchant jobs, Helots would work the fields and Spartans would go to war.