During the Medieval Islamic period, it was considered disgusting as well. In a book by Hunayn ibn Ishaq (A Christian scholar from the Abbasid period) who translated the Greek works of Artemidorus on the Interpretation of dreams, when Hunayn reaches the chapter on oral sex, he titles it: "About Acts Too Repulsive to Mention". In Artemidorus' work, the acts are at least described - but Hunayn refuses to do so in translation. He writes:

"If a man dreams that his wife does these unmentionable things to him, his love for her will abate, for these things cannot possibly indicate love or companionship. If the woman dreamt about is pregnant, she will lose her child, because in this kind of deed the seed is wasted. Performed by the dreamer with an acquaintance, these "repulsive acts" forebode enmity between them, for there is no love in this act. The only ones for whom such acts are a good sign are people whose work is done by mouth — singers, musicians, or sophists."

So at least in the Abbasid era Middle East, at least among the Christian community, we have evidence that oral sex was considered despicable.

Source: Dror Ze'evi, "Producing Desire: Changing Sexual Discourse in the Ottoman Middle East, 1500-1900"

I don't know about common--we don't have, say, polling data on who does what sexually like we do now.

However, Maimonides, a 12th-13th century Rabbi (and philosopher), mentioned it in his code of Jewish law the Mishneh Torah. The volume Issurei Biyah (forbidden relations) explicitly permits it between a married couple in law 21:9. It's a point of debate whether or not it'd be permitted for a man to achieve climax this way, or if it's only permissible as foreplay, mostly based on the inclusion of a line absent in certain manuscripts. It's based on the Talmud also permitting it, but that also speaks about it negatively afterwards, connecting it with various superstitions.

It's also important to note that Maimonides was regarded as a bit of a prude by his Jewish contemporaries. He was quite controversial for a number of reasons during his lifetime, and one criticism levied against him was an excessively negative attitude towards sex, believed to have been adopted because of his philosophical connection with Greek philosophy. Of course, when it comes to Jewish law a positive/negative view of sex in general may or may not translate into practical opinions.

I know the Romans found female-on-male oral sex disgusting

This is not, strictly speaking, true. Cunnilingus (male-giving-to-female oral sex) was very much taboo. (For more about the variations in opinion between cunnilingus and fellatio in Rome, see one of my first ever comments on this community!) Fellatio, however, was more accepted, particularly within the non-wealthy classes, who were not subject to the same levels of constraint and expectation as those who were either in the upper classes or trying to get there.

The distinction has to do with the weight of expectation behind male and female sexuality in the ancient world. Ruth Mazzo Karras's review of the various analyses of the Greco-Roman active/passive spectrum of sexuality helps to explain some of the arguments surrounding this - it's a hard distinction to make, honestly, because some of the modern Western concepts of sexuality have their origins in Classical conceptions of sexual morality, whether or not they make sense.

The expectation for Romans was that men were to be the active parties in sex, and that women were to be passive. Cunnilingus was frowned upon because for Romans it flipped the accepted methods of sex on its head - men became passive, penetrated via their mouths, and women became active.

The final thing to note is that finding something taboo doesn't mean you find it "disgusting". The reaction to taboo acts or subjects can range from disgust, yes, to humor, to titillation. Just because a subject is taboo doesn't mean that a society finds it disgusting - just that the important people find it disgusting, or that it's been considered Not Done for so long that even though everyone does it, nobody questions why it's seen as Not Done.

Something to keep in mind.