After the second world war, the Nazi party couldn't influence/dictate the education of German children anymore, but did the victors do it? Or were there an independent group of professors/teachers/schools who made a new curriculum?
I can put in some insight on the Soviet side. In the 1920's Eastern Europe developed very progressive schooling with a lot of child centered curriculum. Germany, Poland, Czechoslovakia and Hungary had developed advanced pedagogies that they expected a left wing regime to support.
Instead the USSR imported the ideas of Anton Makarenko. Makarenko had been very focused on collective learning and teaching children to work as a collective. The progressive schooling of the 20's and 30's was based on the individual, so it had to go.
Source: Iron Curtain: The Crushing of Eastern Europe 1944 - 1956 by Anne Applebaum.
Edit 2/ I want to emphasize that Makarenko is considered to be one of the greatest educators in history. I personally believe he had respect for the individual, which you can find in his writing. When others applied his theory it went well, unless they changed it, which often happened.
The Potsdam conference of 1945 ruled a democratization in the four zones, including education. Point seven of the political principles of the Potsdam conference:
German education shall be so controlled as completely to eliminate Nazi and militarist doctrines and to make possible the successful development of democratic ideas.
In the same year, the Zook-commission highly criticized the German education system, which lead the Allied Control Council to release its 1947 "Grundlegenden Prinzipien für die Neugestaltung des deutschen Bildungswesens" (Basic principles for the redevelopment of the German education system). Economically, everyone should be allowed to go to school, without paying for education. Organization-wise, the vertical school system was halted so there were no different schools in quality. Content-wise, the curriculum was changed to promote civic responsibilities and democratic views of life. BRD lawmakers again reformed the system in 1955 and 1959. At this point the Allies did not really interfere anymore.
Of course this is only the case for the Westzonen. The Soviet occupiers did things completely different.
Source: Rolff, H.-G./Klemm, K./Tillmann, K.-J. (eds.): Jahrbuch der Schulentwicklung 2. Weinheim 1982, pgs. 145-158.
Something related. The GDR completely flipped the Gymnasien and University system. In East Germany the children of the poor and working class were able to obtain a university education for free, when previously Gymnasien and especially university education was reserved for the Junkers, Lander, and upper class. It was part of the effort to create working class elites whom would assume positions of power once done with their educations. These children would naturally feel indebted to their government for they never had such options before. A very clever plan indeed. The West started to open up University but up until the 70s University attendance was still around 12%.
Source: Fullbrook - The Divided Nation.