I've found studies of the bible that are based on studies of the text. With this analysis some things about the origin of the bible could be said. I thought this was called close reading, but by my inability to find much on that subject, I'm guessing that it's not the most common name.
Anyway I wondered if there were similar studies of the Quran, and if so where to find them.
Just a help on the terminology, what you describe is called [Historical Criticism] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher_criticism) or "the historical-critical method".