Were there any cultures who held up women as messengers from God? How were these cultures viewed by others who had messiah who were men?
Let me tell you a little bit about Mother Ann Lee. I'm hesitant to call her a Messiah because that word can have lots of very different meanings depending on who is using it, but she was most definitely held up as a messenger from God, and even thought of as Christ's female counterpart.
You might be familiar with the Shakers. Formally they are the United Society of Believers in Christ’s Second Appearing, but they came to be called the Shakers because their religious services often involved dance and movement because they like to physically express their joy in the Gospel. The group that would become the Shakers originally started in England in the 1750s, led by two female preachers: Jane Wardley and Ann Lee. With their ideas together they formed a group that spun off of Protestant belief of the time.
Ann Lee turned out to be the more influential of the two, and became the leader of their small community of believers as she began to receive messages from God. Was Mother Ann a Messiah, and why was she, a female, seen as someone who could lead Shakers? In her words, "All the children, both male and female, must be subject to their parents; and the woman, being second, must be subject to her husband, who is the first; but when the man is gone, the right of government belongs to the woman: So is the family of Christ." What does that mean? In Mother Ann's analogy, the Husband is Christ, so when He was on the earth people followed Him. But with Christ the Father no longer present, it becomes the responsibility of the Mother to lead. So that's what Mother Ann did.
As their leader, she had a number of prophetic revelations from God, including one that definitely set the Shakers apart from any other group: complete celibacy was required from all members, and marriage of any kind wasn't allowed. Overall her revelations and instructions for living made for a community that believed very strongly in gender equality and held strictly to those ideas.
As Ann preached in England she got in a lot of trouble with the law for things like blasphemy and breaking the Sabbath - while the Protestants were quietly doing their own thing, Mother Ann would dance and sing and shout in public as she worshipped and preached, and that did not go over well. She was often put in jail, and was seen as quite strange because she had so many traits that people of the time deemed to be "masculine". Overall her "masculine" actions and different way of worship made her pretty disliked in the surrounding community. To escape the persecution in England, in the 1770s Mother Ann brought a handful of her followers to America to try to find some reprieve from harrassment.
Unfortunately, things in America didn't go much better. Finding converts was incredibly difficult because Shaker belief seemed so radical, and certainly some people had a problem with the fact that many Shaker preachers were women. In a few instances, Shaker groups were actually attacked by violent mobs. After a lot of missionary work around the early American nation, the Shaker population did grow quite a bit, but it fluctuated wildly; people in need would join for a winter so they had food and clothing, only to leave once the spring came. And of course a group has a hard time growing when everyone in it is celibate (although the Shakers were allowed to adopt children for a time).
Mother Ann Lee unfortunately died young, at the age of 48, which some people attribute to attacks the Shakers endured that left her chronically ill. These days there isn't much Shaker leadership to speak of. The Shakers still exist, but just barely; only 3 remain, and if I recall correctly they are all in their 80s.
TL;DR: A woman named Ann Lee lead the Shaker religion in the late 1700s and was seen as a female counterpart to Christ; the Shakers received a lot of criticism and hate because they held many radical beliefs for the time.
PS: Edited this as best I could but it came out huge. Don't hesitate to point out any errors I've made and I'll get them fixed up ASAP.
A messiah and a messenger from God are not the same thing. Messiah refers specifically to a Judeo-Christian concept of an "anointed one" of God with connotations to guide the people/nation of God, redeem them, protect them, save them and a variety of other ideas depending on time and place.
As for messengers from God, or prophets, there have been innumerable through history. A couple significant one's in recent history would include Mary Baker Eddy, founder of the Christian Scientist movement and Ellen White, a founder of the Seventh Day Adventists.
Joan of Ark