After reading Robinson Crusoe, which was written by Daniel Defoe and published in 1719, I am wondering what kind of swear words would be commonplace during this time period.
Any kind of help is greatly appreciated, thanks!
Pretty much all the same ones that are in use now (1673). Blasphemy was beginning to decline post-Puritanism, so while you might see "zounds" and the like, chances are they were beginning to lose their potency, inline with a lessening of the importance of the church in public life, and there is a move towards more scatalogical bon mots moving towards the 18th century.
Oooh! It's from a bit later than what you're asking for, but I recommend Francis Grose's Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue. The project Gutenberg edition is from 1811, but it was first published in the late 1700s.
To quote from my dead tree reprint:
TO F--K. To copulate.
Pretty much the same. However, there's lot more colorful stuff like:
SH-T-NG THROUGH THE TEETH. Vomiting. Hark ye, friend, have you got a padlock on your a-se that you sh-te through your teeth? vulgar address to one vomiting.
It's a highly entertaining read that I recommend to everyone.