I posted this in the comment chain below, but I think it'll likely be buried, and I believe it's the best answer you might get for a while:

"The rigors of combat and labor challenged black soldiers' physical and emotional stamina. Nevertheless, service in France constituted a remarkable experience. African-American troops often interacted with North and West African soldiers serving in the French military, expanding their sense of diasporic belonging. Black soldiers received a warm welcome from French civilians, who, unlike white troops of the American army, exhibited little overt racism. "They treated us with respect," one soldier recalled, "not like the white American soldiers." These interactions further contributed to the image of France as a nation free of racial discrimination and uniquely committed to universal democratic rights. Travel and service in France expanded the boundaries of how black soldiers viewed the world and their place in it. Lemuel Moody, a soldier who served overseas, reflected that his experience was "altogether improving and broadening.…[It] changed my out look on life. I see things now with different eyes.""

-http://exhibitions.nypl.org/africanaage/essay-world-war-i.html

There's an extensive bibliography on the subject at the bottom of this page.

(Edit: Fixed Link)

I would check out the work of Tyler Stovall at U.C. Berkeley. He's written a lot about black Americans and other non-white diaspora populations in Paris. His most recent book on the subject is Paris Noir: African Americans in the City of Light (2012), which is more focused on the black artist community, but he does cover African-American soldiers in Paris during and after World War I.