I will try to keep this as short as I can. Firstly, one person did not write the 20+ books of the New Testament. As to who wrote what we can only speculate a lot of it as nothing can be said with 100% certainty. Traditionally we attribute the authorship of the gospels to the names they have been given, but again it is unkown. Mark was probably first gospel written, at least 30 years after the death of Christ, followed by Matthew, Luke, and John, in that order. Luke most likely also wrote Acts based on their similarities and having been written to the same person (a Roman by the name of Theophilus). Paul and his followers wrote most of the rest of what we know as the New Testament, although how much he had to do with some is very debatable. We do have a good idea however that he had little to nothing to do with a good chunk of them. http://rationalwiki.org/wiki/Authorship_of_the_New_Testament#Paul.27s_Letters

Mark, Matthew and Luke have their differences but are more alike than John. The Gospel of John focuses on a very devine aspect of Christ and less historical fact. It has been speculated that Matthew and Luke may have all actually came from the sources of Mark and what we now just simply call the "Q source" as it is unidentified. You can see a diagram of this here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Synoptic_problem_two_source_colored.png The green segment in Matthew and the teal in Luke define parts of information not found in Mark or "Q" and came from somewhere else.

Thessalonians 1&2 are the most agreed upon as far as to what was actually written down first, written by Paul in the early 50's. Revelations is generally considered to be the last book written sometime in the 90's by a man calling himself John on the island of Patmos, although which John is unkown. Although 2 Peter is said by some to be the last written.

Presumed order of the New Testament as it was written: http://www.errantskeptics.org/DatingNT-ChronologicalOrder.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dating_the_Bible#The_New_Testament

Basically, a lot of this is up for debate. Historic facts have in the past clashed with religious ideals. Considering that not every sect of Christianity even agrees, there is a lot of information thrown around out there that each have an idea as to who wrote what when. You will rarely find a book without any bias to this matter but there is a lot that can be generally agreed upon.

More books were written about early Christianity, as well as Christ himself. Not all of them made the cut though, and some have only recently been discovered. For those I would suggest this book as a source for reading some of them: http://www.amazon.com/The-Nag-Hammadi-Scriptures-Translation/dp/0061626007

What we have now as the New Testament took shape over time, mostly through a series of councils. The first major Christian council was the Council of Nicaea in 325 issued by Constantine. Here houndreds of early Christian scholars debated the Trinity and the date of Easter. Although it had little to do with establishing what we now know as the New Testament, despite common beliefs. For a brief overview on how the New Testament took shape over time, look here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Development_of_the_Christian_biblical_canon#Development_of_the_New_Testament_canon

Sorry if it is confusing. I tried to answer as simply as I can, I may have missed a few things though.

Articles on this are not hard to find, but as I said not all of them will agree and the bias can be heavy.

This article may explain a few things better than I have.

http://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/1988/who-wrote-the-bible-part-4