There most definitely is. The Jáchymov uranium mines are the most infamous, but there were numerous labor camps for elements undesirable by the communist regime – not only political prisoners, but also prisoners of war, people suspected of collaboration, clergy, bourgeoise and the like. A total of eighteen of these provided labor for uranium mines, in addition to Jáchymov they were set up near Příbram and Horní Slavkov between 1949 and 1953 and were in operation for many years before turning into regular mines or prison camps.

It's funny you should ask now, only days after the 66th anniversary of the communist coup in Czechoslovakia on February 25, 1948, which resulted in the communist party taking over. The years following the coup and the early fifties were a time of stalinism, ideology taken to the extreme, purges and show trials – and not just in Czechoslovakia. In October 1948, legislation regarding the labor camps was passed (pdf, in Czech) with two aims: providing much needed workforce, as the use of prisoner of wars would be discontinued in 1949, and a convenient way of removing or making use of the enemies of the state.

Now Czechoslovakia had fairly rich uranium deposits, which was of major interest to the Soviet Union. Immediately after the war there were talks about supplying the ore to the Soviets. But the issue was complicated as political pressures clashed with economic realities. Only some months after the coup would there be significant progress in the agreement, and afterwards new uranium deposits would be found and the Soviets greatly increased their demands. The uranium trade agreement turned out to be highly disadvantageous to the Czech side in the end (pdf, in Czech), but that is probably beyond the scope of the question.

Ultimately, as with most things in the Eastern bloc, the developments in the Soviet Union greatly influenced its client states. After Stalin's death in 1953 a "thaw" of sorts in the hardline communist policy followed under Khrushchev. In time this showed in Czechoslovakia as well, particularly with the death of the first communist prime minister and then president Klement Gottwald, strangely enough also in 1953.

Following this period of destalinization, an amnesty was declared in 1960, with many political prisoners released from the camps – though hardly as free men, as they were subject to scrutiny and remained undesirable to the regime – and regular workers taking over (which might have led to the slow decline of uranium mining in Czechoslovakia as the costs grew too high).

Between 1949 and 1961, an estimated sixty to seventy thousand policital prisoners have worked in the mines, with records showing 439 "work related" deaths, 557 escape attempts, and 32 prisoners shot or executed. The number of radiation related fatalities is unknown.

I don't expect you to know Czech but maybe your dad remembers, so in case you want to learn more, Vězeňské tábory v Jáchymovských uranových dolech 1949-1961 by Ludmila Petrášová and Za svobodu a demokracii III: Třetí (protikomunistický) odboj by Václav Veber are good books about the subjects, and Totalita.cz and PolitictiVezni.cz are solid sources documenting the history of the communist regime in Czechoslovakia and the fate of political prisoners, respectively.