Collectivization was required by shock industrialization. In the twenties, during the period of inner party discussions they decided that shock industrialization was a good idea, incidentally both Stalin and Trotzky backed it.

The primary problem was that of financing the project of shock industrialization/food production for larger cities and mobilization of resources for the project.

i think the argument was that most Russian farmers were working on small plots of land and had a tradition of self sufficiency; this was made more severe by the fact that the community (Mir) received a high standing after the abolition of serfdom in 1861.

Most of the surpluses for feeding of cities were produced by more independent minded farmers/capitalists (Kulaki) - these guys got a chance upon the Stolypin reforms of 1906 when one was allowed to take his share of land out of the commons/Mir or was encouraged to resettle to Siberia; also farmers received loans from the agricultural bank;

After the Revolution the land was redistributed, and farmers got the land of former estates. But for ideological reasons the Soviet state could not have relied upon capitalist farmers ; also the problem was that during the new economic policy they had to pay them real money, whereas shock industrialization required the mobilization of large sums, the solution was to expropriate the farmers by force.

The resulting policy was that of repressing highly able farmers for political reasons, while forcing the rest of farmers into collective farms, where they did not have any incentive for work. The result was a long term disaster for the country.

It was not efficient at all, on the other hand it did the job of pressing out resources from the country side; an interesting fact is that the Nazi's took over the system as is during the occupation - it suited their ends.

The system became a real problem for the Soviet Union during the seventies and eighties; increasing urbanization means that more people had to be fed, so they had to export oil in order to buy grain.