Ancient China (at least until the Han dynasty ca200 BC-ca200AD) tattooed people as punishment for criminals. In Japan during the Edo period (1603-1868) some criminals were given a tattoo around the upper arm as punishment. Over time, criminal gangs in both China and Japan adopted tattooing. They tattooed their bodies extensively. If you see signs in Japan that says: "no tattooed person allowed." Now you know why.
In ancient China tattooing face was a form of punishment until it was abolished by the Great Qing Legal Code. In Book of Documents' chapter Legal Code of Lü, tattooing face was apparently used at least from 947 BC. Rite of Zhou from 2nd BC briefly mentioned tattooing of the face as a punishment, it was annotated by Han Dynasty Confucian scholar [Zheng Xuan](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zheng_Xuan_(Han_Dynasty) that the punishment involves carving the skin and cover the wound with ink. The practice became widespread during the Song Dynasty as a punishment for army dissenters. The novel Water Margin, which took place in the Song Dynasty, mentioned several major characters were tattooed in the face. Real notable victims include Qin Dynasty rebel leader Ying Bu and Tang Dynasty female poet and politician Shangguan Wan'er.
European visitors to New Zealand in the 19th Century would pay big money for the tattood heads of maori. So much so that captured maori (from intertribal warfare) would sometimes have their faces tattood before having their heads cut off and sold to European traders.
You might be interested in James O'Connell's account of his tattooing on Pohnpei, Micronesia, which you can find on and after page 114 of his memoir. The date isn't specified, but I believe it would have been around the 1820s or 1830s.
O'Connell was an Irish sailor who spent (as the title of his book suggests) eleven years living in the Pacific before returning home -- where for many years afterward he advertised himself as the "tattooed Irishman." O'Connell and his friend were both forcibly tattooed while they were living on Pohnpei. This case of forcible tattooing was very different from the Holocaust, however. The "force" was mainly social pressure, and marking outsiders with tattoos was actually a sign of their incorporation into the local community -- literally making them legible on the island.
O'Connell's description is pretty entertaining. I would have quoted it here, but it goes on for more than ten pages.
You might also be interested in this article, which is concerned with the circulation of tattooed European bodies from the Pacific back to the West:
Cummings, William. “Orientalism’s Corporeal Dimension.” Journal of Colonialism and Colonial History 4, no. 2 (Fall 2003).
A lot of PoW captured by the UN forces in Korean War were forcibly tattooed with anti-communist slogans to discourage voluntary repatriation to China/North Korea. You can see an example of such tattoo in the link below.
https://www.magnumphotos.com/image/PAR198451.html
The caption suggests that the person willingly received the tattoo but it is highly unlikely since tattoos were usually associated with criminals and the underclass in East Asia even today, nobody with a good social standing would use a tattoo to announce their new political loyalty.
Source with more detail on forced tattooing and other issues arising from PoW repatriation after the Korean War ceasefire. http://www.webpages.uidaho.edu/hcrc/Zhu/The%20CPV%20POWs%20by%20Pingchao%20Zhu.pdf
There was one specific case in the US where a young woman named Olive Oatman who had been captured and enslaved by Native Americans had had her face tattooed by the tribe which held her. She and her younger sister Mary were originally taken captive by either the Apache or Tolkepaya tribe, which had ambushed their family's wagon and killed all members except for the two girls and their brother Lorenzo who was left for dead.
After a year of enslavement, Olive and Mary were given away to the leader of a Mohave village. Olive apparently bonded with the wife and daughter of this man, and openly spoke about her fondness for them later. During a famine two or three years later, Mary (as well as many of the Mohave villagers) died of starvation. When Olive was 19, she was returned to white society by order of the commander of Fort Yuma, who had heard that a white girl was living in this Mohave village.
The tattoos can be seen very well in this picture. Olive apparently believed that they were put on her to mark her as property, although it seems to have been the custom among the Mohave to only give such tattoos to their own tribal members; the marks were supposed to ensure a good afterlife.
