It's important to realize the "Silk Road" was not necessarily a literal road, but rather the term used to embody the exchange of goods, knowledge, religion, and culture from East to West and vice versa. This also goes to the second point - the importance of the Silk Road was not just limited to economic goods. The dissemination of actual knowledge and culture are just as important; in particular you see a unique blend of culture in Central Asia, a good example being the blending of art. To me, the most fascinating aspect was the spread of Hellenic culture east, helped along by Alexander's conquests, but definitely went much further than the boarders of the successor kingdoms.

However, since you're asking about goods, there were numerous Western goods that were traded East. Examples include wine (Italian wine was in particular demand), pottery, copper, silver, gold, clothing/linen, and Roman manufactured goods in general. If you're more curious about later trade, then European horses (large war horses in particular), skins, furs, honey, wool, flax, carpets, curtains, and other textiles. Oh, and of course, wine.

A similar question was asked a couple of weeks ago; you may find it helpful if nobody reponds here!

Cultural and Science trading is something often glossed over in even the comprehensive history books but there was quite allot of cross-cultural interaction between the people of Asia and the people of Europe with the Middle Eastern people as middlemen. There were buddha statues that made their way as far north as Swedish viking burial sites and likewise there were Chinese officials smoking out of Portuguese pipes.