I've been reading about feudal Japan and the daimyos, I read that daimyo's often paid samurai to protect their land and very few could pay them in monetary terms so paid in land or food. I've been trying to find out what a typical feudal Japanese force would look like, for instance how many samurai, foot soldiers, archers etc. Also what role did samurai have, as in did they make up the majority of the force or serve as officer type roles to lesser swordsmen? Essentially I couldn't figure out who made up most of a daimyo's soldiers, where they simply peasants with a spear or trained warriors?
Well, that all depends on what you are considering to be 'feudal'.
The Heian period is in the Classical era of Japanese history, and thus has quite a different military feel when compared to the feudal eras (Kamakura, Muromachi, etc.).
I will skip over the Heian era styles and talk more about the Sengoku period (also known as the Warring States period). I think this is what you mean by feudal.
All the warriors were samurai (more or less). They would be from noble families whose entire identity would be service. Some were rich with high social rank, some were poor and had lower social ranks. But only the samurai families would be trained in the art of war. Conscripted solders did not make an appearance until the Meiji revolution in the 1800s.
How many soldiers an army would have could depend on the day. Political alliances would be broken, and one days enemy could easily be the next days friend. The size of a force also would depend on the wealth and size of the Daimyos fiefdom. You could have the huge forces of Oda, Toyotomi, and Tokugawa. Or smaller forces like Asai who were crushed during the conflict.
One last little bit of information you might find interesting. All sides would often hire mercenaries. These would always be samurai, but from forces who did not have an interest in the conflict or, in some cases, master less samurai called ronin. One of Japan's most famous swordsmen, Miyamoto Musashi was one of these mercenaries. On one occasion, fighting for the Toyotomi clan against the Tokugawa clan, his side lost. He had to evade capture and execution after the battle, as Mercenaries would be killed as well as clan members.
If you want to read more about the Sengoku era, check out Sengokujidai: Autonomy, Division and Unity in Later Medieval Japan