Why did this technology take so long to develop, and, how did people open cans in the pre-can opener era?
They used bayonets.
This was because national armies were the only people who could afford (and actually wanted to buy) food preserved in metal cans. A hammer and chisel was also popular, but really any tool or rock that can knock a couple of holes in the lid would have done. The invention of the can opener itself coincides with the first burst of canned food's popularity in middle-class households.