Was there a culture of smoking in Europe before the introduction of tobacco, opium, and marijuana?

by NotEltonJohn
[deleted]

Yes there was.

Cannabis was smoked in Middle East (Sander L. Gilman and Zhou Xun, "Introduction" in Smoke, p. 20–21), in pipes and hookahs. Hookahs were the original bongs. Via trade routes from the Middle East and North Africa, cannabis smoking spread to sub-Saharan Africa in the 1200s (Phillips J. E. [1983]. "African Smoking and Pipes". The Journal of African History 24: 3).

Opium was smoked in the ancient Minoa. There are figurines of the "poppy goddess" or "narcotics goddess"." The goddess wears a crown of three opium poppies. Circa 1300 BCE a simple smoking apparatus was recovered from the Sanctuary of Gazi, Crete, together figurines of the "poppy goddess." I cannot find a picture of the "smoking apparatus." It may be in this article, E. Guerra Doce (January 1, 2006). "Evidencias del consumo de drogas en Europa durante la Prehistoria". Trastornos Adictivos (in Spanish) 8 (1): 53–61., but it goes to a dead site. Also look here for an interesting thread.