Besides contemporary professional wrestling, (some) Roman gladiatorial games, and Harlem Globetrotter's basketball, have there been other historical "worked" (scripted for dramatic appeal) athletic contests that became popular and/or profitable?

Your question makes me want to refer you to /r/anthropology, /r/asksocialscience, or even /r/ludology. You are sitting at the overlap point between ritual, theater, sacrifice, and contest.

(There are lots of "maybe" answers to your question and a historian needs carefully defined terms! Figuring out how "sport," "play," and "theatre" are defined is a job for an anthropologist. Gregory Bateson did classic work in this area.)

Sometimes it's a bit of a sliding scale. You wouldn't normally think of bullfighting as fixed, but bulls' behavior is predictable and sometimes they are hobbled, bled or weakened beforehand. The contest is lessened, but people are still compelled. They still want to see the event play out. Why?

Is quail hunting still a sport if you release the birds from cages into a fenced yard and shoot them? Does your answer depend on how small the yard is? Why would people even bother to do this? Because of what it means to kill your own meal?

Pro wrestling has many elements of dangerous unpredictability and you will often hear fans remind you that the performers are true athletes, but it is theatre.

I would argue that contest becomes more like theatre as the rules governing what actions its participants are allowed to take become stricter.

And theatricalized contest can still be deeply meaningful as a ritual. Esoecially when real blood and death are involved, as in bullfighting or quail shooting. People will still participate in these ritualized contests because of what they mean.

Like in the example you mentioned, the Harlem Globetrotters. In the 1970s there was a lot of social subtext to a team of black guys totally dominating a team of white guys! Above and beyond the amazing skills on display, there was a compelling aspect of commentary in those performances.

On the other end of the scale, take away the rules as much as you can, or possibly just eliminate the win condition, and what do you have? Something like pure "play."

I hope this isn't deleted. If you think of your question in terms of how games and rituals are defined, many many historical "contests" might be considered relevant.