Unfortunately, the maritime history and archaeology world has not given as much attention to Asia's maritime shipbuilding traditions and architectures (at least when compared to those of the Atlantic World). Some of it might be that, besides how much newer the discipline of maritime studies is compared to the others, western archaeologists wishing to work on Asian vessels often find legal barriers to working on Asian sites. But, there has been some study. I remember from studying Chinese Junks a few points that may help explain the differences.

It should be established that, yes, Asian shipbuilding traditions did develop separately from European ones. And while Asian ship building did start adapting things from Europeans when they arrived, they still maintained plenty of of their own unique styles and methods. Just a couple small differences I can remember between European and Asian vessels (in particular, the Junk) is the use of reverse-clinker on the Asian vessels (instead of strakes overlapping in an outboard direction like those in Europe, the strakes overlap in an inboard direction) and the drastically different way stem and stern posts were designed.
For the sail design, that was a distinct style that made it easier for fewer people to operate a vessel. Instead of men going up shrouds and pulling in sail while perched on a yardarm, the sail was just raised and lowered from the deck (you even said "window-blind", think about how that is lowered and raised and you can get an idea of how that works from the deck).
This topic is quite a large one, and deserves more attention than I can provide (as my flair indicates, I pay attention to the Atlantic world). But, if you want books that can help you get a better understanding, I would recommend Chinese Junks on the Pacific: Views from a Different Deck by Hans Konrad Van Tilburg and Boats of South Asia by Sean McGrail, Lucy Blue, Eric Kentley, and Colin Palmer (I highly recommend anything by Sean McGrail for Asian naval architecture development, he was one of the first to dig heavily into it). These are the two books I learned about Asian ship construction.

Aside from the other points, remember that European ships are not "everywhere else". They are just as much a product of historical forces and distinct to a particular culture as junks, waka, or pirogue. In fact, the closest thing you will get to a "universal" ship type is probably the dhow, which was and is used all across the Indian Ocean.

Thanks for all that have commented on this. While we are on the subject of historical Asian ships, are there any particular ships from China, Japan, or Korean history that would be interesting to read about? Something similar to infamous western ships like Blackbeard's Queen Anne's revenge? I'd love to build a model of one!

At least in terms of hulls, I do know in particular that the hulls of most Korean ships were designed for low water depths and high maneuverability, as the East coast of Korea is subject to crazy tides and scatter with lots of islands and narrow channels. This is just a hypothesis but with much of incoming swells blocked by Japan or the Philippines, I think many designs reflected this as they didn't experience much of the same time of open ocean sailing.

And it's not like square sails are unheard of in Europe. Look at many larger ships, like clipper ships. Square sails are better at harnessing the wind, but triangular sails let you sail into the wind better.

being stacked square shapes

It should be noted that what you got there is nothing other than a japanese "red seal" trading ship, whose design was remarkably influenced by western ships.