It is sometimes remarked in international relations that there are no such things as permanent allies or perpetual enemies, and that only interests are eternal and perpetual. Russia, and any other great power of time, allied itself with, fought against, or conducted its foreign policy in line with its interests, given the very dynamic and constantly changing European politics of the 19th century. It would be a little naive or simplistic to describe Russian relations with other European nations over the course of more than a century as "positive" or "negative". They changed and varied to suit different circumstances, and each case must be looked at individually. For example, during the early part of the 19th century, Russia generally enjoyed friendly relations with both Austria and Prussia. However those relations quickly deteriorated - with Austria after the Crimean War and with Germany after the Congress of Berlin in 1878. On the other hand Russia grew much closer to France at the end of the century. Its relations with Great Britain were somewhat strained (see the Great Game) but normalized on the eve of WWI. That's just one example, looked at from 30,000 feet.

Regarding the threat you linked, I think it is worth noting that Europe in the 19th century was a lo different than it is today. Today, it makes sense to talk of Europe as a whole. It is integrated extent - we have political, economic and military integration with organisations such as the EU and NATO. Back in the 19th century, Europe was a lot more divided. European nations went to war with one another, sought alliances against each other, cooperated as well as opposed each other depending on the issue at hand. To be fair, there were some instances of international collaboration, where European nations came together to agree on certain things (I'm thinking the Congresses Vienna and Berlin, the Hague Conventions, the Boxer rebellion etc), but for the most part each nation followed its own foreign policy and those policies could diverge wildly, sometimes violently. So, for example, today it is virtually impossible that German and France would go to war with one another. In the late 19th and early 20th century, that was a very real possibility (in fact they did to go war with each other in 1873, and remained bitter enemies until, well, after WWII). Thus, there is little sense of talking of Russia vs Europe or Europe vs Russia. Russia was just one player out of several in a rather complex and nuanced landscape of great power politics of the 19th century.

Well the argument seems pretty weak if you consider that the Crimean War splits in half the time period you established. The war lasted from 1853 to 1856 and saw the two most powerful industrialized nations (GB and France) plus the Ottoman Empire pitted against the Russian Empire (allied with no-one).