How much is the daily life of the African tribes different comparing to the 1000 years ago?

by [deleted]
SisulusGhost

Well, it depends in part what you mean by tribes. The term isn't necessarily appropriate for 1000 years ago, and it's not necessarily appropriate today, which may sound like I'm avoiding the question but actually the point is a key one.

What we know about life 1000 years ago for sub-Saharan Africans (I'll stick to this designation) comes largely although not exclusively from archaeological, oral tradition, and historical linguistic reconstructions. These have become progressively more authoritative over time as scholars have improved their work. I'm particularly impressed by Chris Ehret and his grad students and by Kathryn de Luna's recent work on emotional histories. Anyway, these folks largely didn't live in something that we could accurately call 'tribes'. This has been explained many times on the internet and in print (google "the trouble with tribe", for example). Instead, they lived in an enormous diversity of structures and lifestyles oriented around 'homesteads', states, city life (see Roderick and Susan Keech McIntosh on Djenne-Jeno, for example), etc.

Something similar is true if we try to look at Africa today. It is an enormously urbanized continent in which most people live within states. In Accra, Dakar, and Johannesburg -- all cities of several million people in which I've lived -- the usefulness of the term 'tribe' is extremely limited. Daily life includes going to the store, going to a job (hopefully), dropping the kids off at school, etc. Not that this describes everyone's lives: there is, again, a great diversity.

In fact, 'tribe' was a useful notion largely for governing Africa in the colonial period. It depicted Africans as living stagnant lives in semi-barbaric circumstances -- what the historian Trevor-Roper, I believe, termed "the unedifying gyrations of barbarous tribes in picturesque but irrelevant corners of the globe" . The question itself reflects this idea.

I would argue that a good answer would be: daily life in Africa today is every bit as different from daily life in Africa 1000 years ago as daily life in the U.S. today is different from daily life in this region 1000 years ago. This doesn't mean that everyone in Africa lives in lifestyles similar to those in the U.S. - although many do - but that even those people who live what we might see on the surface as 'tribal' rural life live very differently from 1000 years ago.