I have not read a lot of scientific publications from the USSR as my area of expertise is the social and political aspect of socialist movements, but if someone else links a few sources I'd hope you know that there's a few things to keep in mind when reading sources from the Soviet point of view. They are usually quite closely linked to the their ideology. Almost all research were on the basis of dialectal materialism, with the exception of the humanities and social sciences, which were linked closely to historical materialism.

The main idea of dialectical materialism lies in the concept of the evolution of the natural world and the emergence of new qualities of being at new stages of evolution. Materialism is the view that all phenomena of the universe consist of "matter in motion". The world exist outside of us and independently of how we perceive it. Thought is the brains reflection of the material world.

Historical materialism started from a fundamental underlying reality of human existence: that in order for human beings to survive and continue existence from generation to generation, it is necessary for them to produce and reproduce the material requirements of life. Marx then extended this premise by asserting the importance of the fact that, in order to carry out production and exchange, people have to enter into very definite social relations, most fundamentally "production relations". These production relations are how the means of productions are organized. I.E. in capitalism the means of production are owned by the bourgeoisie and the proletariat sell their labour for a wage, whereas in socialism the means of production are collectively owned.

If you read up on historical materialism I recommend Karl Marx's The German Ideology, 1846, and for dialectical materialism you can look up "Dialectics of Nature" by Friedrich Engels.