Depends who you were, if you were a peasant you were probably as tied to the land as your serf ancestors were. In Russia, serfdom was not abolished until the middle of the 19th century, Austria by 1848, Prussia in 1823 and so on. Ironically when the common man travelled it would likely be as part of an army. For example Henry VIII's campaigns against the French brought many Englishmen to France who would otherwise have never been there. The same is true of the Italian wars which brought French, Spanish and Ottoman influxes into the peninsula. Another reason why people might move is because of religious persecution, although this may be a bit late the Huguenots were driven out of France and many settled in England after 1628. Frederick William settled more than 20,000 Protestant refugees from Salzburg in thinly populated eastern Prussia in the eighteenth century. Probably too late but still interesting.

So we are gonna be looking at people in towns who feel more directly the impact of increased prosperity and literacy. The thing about Duhrer, Da Vinci etc was that they were talented artists with high cultural capital, i.e. nobles people demanded their services. So they had to flit around royal courts looking for jobs, for example Michaelangelo bounced between Florence, Rome and Bologna during his lifetime. Yet even then he did not go that far, never really leaving Northern Italy. Similarly, Monteverdi spent almost all of his life in Venice and was born in Cremona and J. S. Bach although he held many positions in many different towns never went further than 100 miles from his birthplace in terms of employment.

As for seafaring the trade republics of Italy had a long reach, Venetian and Genovese merchants could be seen as far away as London and the Crimea but so seafaring was a tricky business. In the Mediterranean sailing was quite easy (the Mediterranean has nearly unnoticeable tides) between late March and Early October (non storm season) but in more inclement months trade and movement ground to a halt. In the Atlantic because of far more difficult sailing captains tended to stick to a patch of sea that they knew well and would not sail beyond it. So one captain would take goods from Portsmouth to Bordeaux but would not dream of sailing on to Lisbon, Cadiz or any of those outlandish places.

It is important to note that although the age of enlightenment had begun the transport revolution that would allow people to journey farther afield were several hundred years away. Roads were perilous and unpredictable and travel was uncomfortable in the extreme. Travel was also slow, since the only two methods of transport were on a horse or walking, so you could only expect 40 miles in a day at most and being bounced around like a sack of potatoes at that! It would be several hundred years before Russian Grand Duchesses would make their way to Baden Baden or Vichy to take the waters. Hope this answers some of your questions :)

People were incredibly mobile in the early modern period, despite the many obstacles which made travel difficult. Hundreds of thousands of people emigrated to the new world in the 16th century, and there was plenty of movement within Europe itself (and not just by the wealthy).

For a study of the movement of ordinary people across the Atlantic in the 16th century, see I. Altman, Emigrants and Society: Extremadura and Spanish America in the Sixteenth Century ( http://www.amazon.com/Emigrants-Society-Extremadura-Spanish-Sixteenth/dp/0520064941 ).

For a very interesting microhistorical study of how much one peasant could move around in southern France and norther Spain in the 16th century, see N. Davis, The Return of Martin Guerre ( http://books.google.com/books?id=5f46_hWsJAkC ). This book is a really fun read - it's about a peasant who leaves his wife, travels away from his village, joins the army, and then comes back many years later - only people are pretty sure the guy who comes back isn't the same person as the man who left (but his wife backs him up, and no one can prove he's an impostor). Peasants could get around.