In 1176 Common sense, a book about the states suceeding from england, was published by Thomas Paine. Paine's life was marred by failure. He failed out of school, was fired from a job, and had a failed corset business. His good friend Benjamin Franklin is a genious and a revolutionary who used many psuedonyms (richard saudners,silence dogood, anthony afterwit, polly baker...etc). Is it not only possible but likely that Franklin wrote common sennse under thomas' name? Sorry for all the typos.
Considering that Paine later wrote the highly-popular pamphlet series The American Crisis, and the provocative book The Rights of Man in defense of the French Revolution, no. The American Crisis was partially published while Franklin was overseas in France, with references to contemporary events that make it fairly clear it wasn't composed earlier.
But we know beyond a shadow of a doubt that Franklin did not write The Rights of Man. It was published after Franklin's death, with detailed references to Burke's Reflections on the Revolution in France which was also published after Franklin's death. In addition, the author's vehement certainty in The Rights of Man is quite in-tune with Common Sense and The American Crisis, but extremely at variance with the attitudes Franklin was displaying later in life.
So, given that Paine definitely did write these other two works - or at least that Franklin didn't -there is no reason to believe he didn't write Common Sense.