One of the most famous doctors from that the Muslim world in the 11th century was Avicenna and there is a wealth of information on him, including a famous book he penned entitled "The Book of Healing."

In terms of medieval practices, a good site to look at is that of Szeged-Kiskundorozsma Kettöshatár in present-day Hungary. There, we've found skulls with drilled holes which had been done during the individuals life time. This is known as trepanation and was utilized by doctors to treat various conditions. Contrary to what some might believe, many of the people actually lived past the trepanation. Many doctors believed that what they were doing would help their patients it was not necessarily a thoughtless scientific experiment.