Both were. The Ottoman Sultan started the trend in the late 1800's with the Hamidian Massacres, which wiped out 300,000 Armenians. The Young Turks later started the execution of all Armenian men, and the eventual murder of the remaining population which equals around 1.5 million. Later Ataturk's Republic continued the trend by forcibly invading Armenia and pushing the Armenian population out of Western Armenia and proclaiming it Eastern Turkey.